Table 3.

Multivariable Models Examining the Association of Surgical Clipping With Outcomes

	Inpatient Mortality		Discharge to Rehabilitation		30-Day Readmission		Length-of-Stay*
	ME (95% CI)	P Value	ME (95% CI)	P Value	ME (95% CI)	P Value	β (95% CI)	P Value
Instrumental variable analysis†	0.13 (−0.30, 0.57)	0.544	2.31 (0.21, 4.41)	<0.001	−1.84 (−4.06, 0.37)	0.103	2.01 (0.85, 3.04)	<0.001
	OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value	β (95% CI)	P Value
Mixed-effects logistic regression‡	1.94 (0.67, 5.58)	0.219	6.85 (5.54, 8.48)	<0.001	0.80 (0.61, 1.06)	0.125	3.86 (3.29, 4.43)	<0.001
Propensity score adjusted logistic regression§	1.62 (0.63, 3.93)	0.337	6.21 (5.02, 7.69)	<0.001	0.82 (0.63, 1.09)	0.321	3.58 (2.99, 4.18)	<0.001

ME indicates marginal effects; OR, odds ratio.

^*All regressions were based on linear models.

^†County coiling rate was used as an instrument of coiling.

^‡Hospital ID was used as a random effects variable.

^§The propensity score was calculated using the following variables: sex, race, insurance, medical comorbidities.