Table 2.
Risk factors for enterococcal infection
| Enterococcal infections | Enterococcus faecalis infections | Enterococcus faecium infections | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infections | Controls | Univariate | Multivariate | Infections | Controls | Univariate | Multivariate | Infections | Controls | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
| n = 182 | n = 358 | p value | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | p value | n = 144 | n = 275 | p value | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | p value | n = 38 | n = 83 | p value | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | p value | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 64.6 (18.2) | 61.6(22.4) | 0.458 | - | - | 65.0 (19.3) | 60.7 (23.0) | 0.187 | - | - | 64.8(13.5) | 64.7 (20.1) | 0.351 | - | - |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 114 (62.6) | 183 (51.1) | 0.011 | 1.504 (1.032-2.190) | 0.033 | 89 (61.8) | 142 (51.6) | 0.047 | - | - | 25 (65.8) | 41 (49.4) | 0.094 | - | - |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 38 (20.9) | 80 (22.3) | 0.697 | - | - | 31 (21.5) | 63 (22.9) | 0.748 | - | - | 7 (18.4) | 17 (20.5) | 0.793 | - | - |
| Cancer and hematologic malignancy | 96 (52.7) | 171 (47.8) | 0.274 | - | - | 77 (53.5) | 131 (47.6) | 0.257 | - | - | 19 (50.0) | 40 (48.2) | 0.854 | - | - |
| Chronic kidney disease | 52 (28.6) | 109 (30.4) | 0.653 | - | - | 39 (27.0) | 84 (30.5) | 0.46 | - | - | 13 (34.2) | 25 (30.1) | 0.654 | - | - |
| Structural abnormality of the urinary tract | 21 (11.5) | 22 (6.1) | 0.029 | 2.086 (1.088–4.000) | 0.027 | 20 (13.8) | 17 (6.2) | 0.008 | 2.634 (1.294–5.362) | 0.008 | 1 (2.6) | 5 (6.0) | 0.427 | - | - |
| Hemodialysis | 12 (6.6) | 33 (9.2) | 0.297 | - | - | 10 (6.9) | 20 (7.3) | 0.902 | - | - | 2 (5.3) | 13 (15.6) | 0.109 | - | - |
| Therapy for comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Abdominal surgery | 90 (49.5) | 102 (28.5) | 0 | 2.233 (1.529–3.261) | 0 | 68 (47.2) | 72 (26.2) | 0 | 2.263 (1.464–3.498) | 0 | 22 (57.9) | 30 (36.1) | 0.025 | - | - |
| Steroids | 42 (23.1) | 75 (20.9) | 0.571 | - | - | 23 (16.0) | 47 (17.1) | 0.771 | - | - | 19 (50.0) | 28 (33.7) | 0.09 | - | - |
| Immunosuppressive agents | 30 (16.5) | 41 (11.5) | 0.102 | - | - | 17 (11.8) | 29 (10.5) | 0.696 | - | - | 13 (34.2) | 12 (14.5) | 0.013 | 3.837 (1.397–10.541) | 0.009 |
| Chemotherapy | 30 (16.5) | 62 (17.3) | 0.807 | - | - | 23 (16.0) | 47 (17.1) | 0.771 | - | - | 7 (18.4) | 15 (18.1) | 0.963 | - | - |
| Urinary catheterization, n (%) | 75 (41.2) | 145 (40.5) | 0.875 | - | - | 57 (39.6) | 103 (37.5) | 0.671 | - | - | 18 (47.4) | 42 (50.6) | 0.742 | - | - |
| Using in situ device, n (%) | 120 (65.9) | 190 (53.1) | 0.004 | - | - | 86 (59.7) | 132 (48.0) | 0.023 | - | - | 34 (89.5) | 58 (69.9) | 0.02 | 3.807 (1.180-12.276) | 0.025 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 9.89 (1.97) | 10.2 (2.0) | 0.093 | - | - | 10.0 (2.0) | 10.4 (2.1) | 0.17 | - | - | 9.37 (1.96) | 9.63 (1.48) | 0.143 | - | - |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 2.86 (0.63) | 3.06 (0.87) | 0.01 | 0.731 (0.555-0.963) | 0.026 | 2.86 (0.63) | 3.13 (0.93) | 0.002 | 0.668 (0.490-0.911) | 0.011 | 2.88 (0.63) | 2.85 (0.55) | 0.823 | - | - |
| In-hospital mortality (%) | 8.2 | 8.9 | 0.786 | - | - | 9 | 7.3 | 0.527 | - | - | 5.3 | 14.5 | 0.144 | - | - |
| Total hospital stay (days), mean (±SD) | 80.9 (95.0) | 74.0 (110) | 0.053 | - | - | 77.5 (101) | 70.8 (95.0) | 0.223 | - | - | 93.8 (68.3) | 86.8 (149) | 0.04 | - | - |
| Hosmer–Lemeshow: p = 0.571 | Hosmer–Lemeshow: p = 0.825. | Hosmer–Lemeshow: p = 0.677. | |||||||||||||