Table 2.
Intervention data, fluid balance and laboratory outcome
| CONTROL | PRESSURE | GDFT | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 40) | (N = 40) | (N = 40) | ||
| Length of the procedure (min) | 110 (100–120) | 105 (90–118) | 100 (85–113) | 0.06 |
| MAP before anesthesia (mmHg) | 119 (15) | 113 (17) | 114 (19) | 0.31 |
| MAP end of procedure (mmHg) | 118 (14) | 105 (12)bc | 103 (18)bc | <0.001 |
| HR before anesthesia (beats per minute) | 73 (10) | 72 (11) | 68 (13) | 0.20 |
| HR end of procedure (beats per minute) | 74 (14) | 78 (16)c | 77 (14)c | 0.34 |
| PPV after induction | N/A | 7.9 (4.2) % | 8.9 (4.5) % | 0.36 |
| PPV end of procedure | N/A | 7.2 (2.4) % | 8.2 (3.8) % | 0.15 |
| Hypotensive periods intraoperatively | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.09 |
| Ephedrin (number of interventions) | 2 (0–3) | 0 (0–1)b | 0 (0–1)b | <0.001 |
| Ephedrin (dose - mg) | 10 (0–15) | 0 (0–10) | 0 (0–10) | 0.11 |
| Hemoglobin before anesthesia (g/l) | 136 (11) | 121 (12) ab | 131 (14) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin end of procedure (g/l) | 117 (15) | 110 (13) ab | 118 (16) | 0.03 |
| Lactate end of procedure (mmol/l) | N/A | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.6) | 0.99 |
| Intraoperative fluid balance | ||||
| Blood loss (ml) | 500 (300–575) | 500 (300–600) | 400 (300–600) | 0.77 |
| Maintenance fluids (crystalloid) (ml) | 1500 (1200–1500) | 700 (600–750)b | 750 (600–900)b | <0.001 |
| Bolus fluids (colloid) (ml) | 0 (0–500) | 440 (100–500)b | 400 (0–500)b | 0.01 |
| Patients receiving transfusion | 5 (13 %) | 3 (8 %) | 1 (3 %) | 0.24 |
| Number of packed blood cells transfused | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.26 |
| Early postoperative fluid balance (24 h) | ||||
| Blood loss (ml) | 735 (400–805) | 470 (390–840) | 500 (380–678) | 0.42 |
| Diuresis (ml) | 1300 (1025–1625) | 1000 (785–1378)b | 1075 (900–1300)b | 0.01 |
| Crystalloids (ml) | 2525 (2300–2800) | 2800 (2300–3150) | 2700 (2350–3125) | 0.27 |
| Colloids (ml) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.70 |
| Patients receiving transfusion | 17 (43 %) | 11 (28 %) | 4 (10 %)b | 0.01 |
| Number of packed blood cells transfused | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0)b | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (24 h) (g/l) | 105 (10) | 102 (12) a | 110 (14) a | 0.01 |
| Lactate (24 h) (mmol/l) | N/A | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.8) | 0.67 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartil range) or number (proportion)
PPV pulse pressure variation, HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure
a - significant difference between PRESSURE vs. GDFT groups
b - significant difference between protocolled group (GDFT or PRESSURE) vs. CONTROL
c - significant difference against baseline