Table 2. Baseline characteristics of women by serum leptin quartile a .
| Serum Leptin Quartile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Women (n) | 375 | 375 | 375 | 375 |
| Mean Serum Leptin (ng/ml) c | 6.4 (±2.6) | 14.0 (±2.2) | 22.7 (±2.9) | 42.1 (±11.1) |
| Demographic and behavioral variables | ||||
| Age (years) c | 75.3 (±2.9) | 75.3 (±2.9) | 75.0 (±2.8) | 75.0 (±2.8) |
| Race (% white) c | 71 | 59 b | 51 b | 61 b |
| Alcohol use (% any consumption) c | 45 | 47 | 44 | 35 b |
| Education (% completed high school) c | 84 | 78 | 77 b | 70 b |
| Smoking (lifetime pack-years) c | 14.2 (±25.2) | 10.6 (±18.7) | 13.4 (±25.6) | 11.2 (±21.8) |
| Physical activity (kcal/kg/week) c | 5.1 (±11.8) | 4.6 (±10.3) | 2.9 (±7.5) b | 3.9 (±15.6) |
| HRT use (% yes) c | 41 | 44 | 42 | 38 |
| Dietary and anthropometric variables | ||||
| Total calorie intake (kcal) d | 1731 (±627) | 1717 (±684) | 1701 (±657) | 1677 (±629) |
| BMI (kg/m2) c | 23.1 (±3.7) | 26.4 (±3.9) b | 29.0 (±4.3) b | 32.3 (±4.9) b |
| Total body fat (%) c | 35.0 (±5.4) | 39.5 (±3.9) b | 42.2 (±3.7) b | 45.0 (±4.1) b |
| Biochemical markers | ||||
| C-reactive protein (μg/ml) c | 2.6 (±5.6) | 2.6 (±2.4) | 3.7 (±4.6) b | 4.3 (±5.2) b |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) c | 2.0 (±1.8) | 1.9 (±1.5) | 2.5 (±2.1) b | 2.8 (±2.0) b |
| TNF-alpha (pg/ml) c | 3.3 (±1.6) | 3.3 (±1.5) | 3.3 (±1.3) | 3.7 (±1.9) b |
| PAI-I c | 21.9 (±1.1) | 27.6 (±1.2) b | 33 (±1.2) b | 36.5 (±1.5) b |
a Means (±SEM), unless otherwise specified.
b Significantly different from leptin quartile 1, P≤0.05 (Dunnett’s test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables).
c Values from baseline of the Health ABC study
d Values from year 2 of the Health ABC study