Table 4. Relationship of betel nut, tobacco, smoking, and alcohol and status of hr-HPV in Oral cavity patients only.
| Characteristic | Oral cavity Cases (n = 86) N (%) | hr-HPV positive (n = 24)N (%) | HPV—Negative (n = 62) N (%) | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | P –value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||||
| Betel quid | |||||
| Non-chewers † | 9 (10.46) | 6 (25) | 3 (4.84) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Chewers | 77 (89.54) | 18 (75) | 59 (95.16) | 0.15[0.03–0.79] | 0.01 |
| Tobacco- chewers | |||||
| Non-chewers † | 30 (34.88) | 10 (41.67) | 20 (32.25) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Chewers | 56 (65.12) | 14 (58.33) | 42 (67.75) | 0.67[0.23–1.96] | 0.41 |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| Non- smokers † | 66 (76.74) | 20 (83.33) | 46 (74.19) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Smokers | 20 (23.26) | 4 (16.67) | 16 (25.81) | 0.57[0.14–2.17] | 0.36 |
| Alcohol intake | |||||
| No-intake † | 64 (74.42) | 14 (58.33) | 50(80.64) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Intake | 22 (25.58) | 10 (41.67) | 12 (19.36) | 2.98[0.95–9.43] | 0.03* |
| Both Tobacco-Alcohol habits | |||||
| Non-Intake † | 69 (80.23) | 16 (66.67) | 53 (85.48) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Intake | 17 (19.77) | 8 (33.33) | 9 (14.52) | 2.94 [0.97–8.88] | 0.05* |
| Both Smoking -Alcohol habits | |||||
| Non- smokers † | 77 (89.54) | 20 (83.33) | 57 (91.93) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Smokers | 9 (10.46) | 4 (16.66) | 5 (8.06) | 2.28 [0.55–9.33] | 0.25 |
* Statistically Significant OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval;
† Reference group for OR calculation