Fig. 1.

PPN cells manifest gamma band activity through N- and P/Q-, N-only, and P/Q-only type Ca²⁺ channels. Top, N+P/Q). Membrane oscillations recorded during 1 s long ramps in the presence of synaptic blockers and tetrodotoxin (left record, black). Following superfusion with ω-CgTx for 10 min, oscillation amplitude was reduced (middle record, dark gray). Thereafter, ω-Aga was superfused for 10 min blocking the remaining oscillations (right record, light gray). Middle, N-only) Membrane oscillations recorded during 1 s long ramps in the presence of synaptic blockers and tetrodotoxin (left record, black). ω-Aga applied into the bath for 10 min caused no significant effect on the membrane oscillations (middle record, dark gray), that is, the oscillations are NOT reduced by ω-Aga. ω-CgTx was then superfused for 10 min, causing a complete blockade of the membrane oscillations (right record, light gray). Bottom, P/Q-only) Membrane oscillations recorded during 1 s long ramps in the presence of synaptic blockers and tetrodotoxin (left record, black). ω-CgTx was applied for 10 min causing no significant effect on the oscillations (middle record, dark gray), that is, the oscillations are NOT reduced by ω-CgTx. ω-Aga then was superfused for 10 min causing a complete blockade of the membrane oscillations (right record, light gray).