Fig. 1.

Effects of NCS-1 on gamma oscillations in PPN neurons. (A) Representative 1 s long current ramp-induced oscillations in a PPN neuron in fast synaptic blockers and tetrodotoxin in the extracellular solution and 1 μM NCS-1 in the recording pipette (left record, light gray). After 10 min of NCS-1 diffusing into the cell, the oscillatory activity increased slightly (middle record, dark gray). However, after 25 min of NCS-1 diffusion both oscillation amplitude and frequency were increased (right record, black). (B) Power spectrum of the records shown in (A) showing the increased amplitude and frequency of oscillations after 25 min exposure to 1 μM NCS-1. (C) Representative ramp-induced oscillations recorded during 1 s long current ramps in the presence of fast synaptic blockers and tetrodotoxin and NCS-1 at 10 μM in the recording pipette (left record, light gray). After 10 min of NCS-1 diffusing into the cell, the oscillation amplitude increased slightly (middle record, dark gray). However, testing at 25 min showed a decrease in amplitude compared to both 0 min and 10 min recordings (right record, black). (D) Power spectrum of the records shown in (C) demonstrating the slight increase in amplitude at 10 min, and the subsequent decrease at 25 min.