Table 1.

Pooled incidence of complications. Pooled incidence in percentages and range in brackets of reported access-site complications after TR-PCP, TR-PCI and TR-CAG

Complication	Mean incidence after TR-PCP (%)	Mean incidence after TR-PCI (%)	Mean incidence after TR-CAG (%)	Mean incidence after pooled procedures (%)	References
Upper extremity dysfunction	0.32 % (0.07–1.51)	0.81 % (0.16–3.91)	0.12 % (0.02–0.72)	0.32 % (0.10–1.01)	[20–33]
Upper extremity ischaemia	0.14 % (0.04–0.57)	0.29 % (0.16–0.53)	0.19 % (0.04–0.99)	0.21 % (0.10–0.43)	[8, 21, 22, 24, 29–31, 33–66]
Pain	8.03 % (3.97–15.55)	4.49 % (0.64–25.43)	9.57 % (7.52–12.11)	7.65 % (4.51–12.67)	[25, 28, 34, 35, 49, 67–75]
Radial artery spasm	8.7 % (5.8–12.7)	4.24 % (2.47–7.17)	7.25 % (4.01–12.77)	0.5 % (0.01–2.75)	[26, 30, 31, 34, 35, 55, 56, 67, 71, 73, 76–98]
Severe radial artery spasm	1.82 % (1.07–3.06)	1.13 % (0.68–1.87)	1.58 % (0.85–2.93)	1.45 % (1.07–1.96)	[3, 8, 22, 24, 34, 35, 37, 44, 46, 53, 55, 65, 66, 71, 72, 76, 78, 79, 81–85, 89, 93, 94, 95, 99–113]
Early radial artery occlusion	4.0 % (2.67–5.94)	2.59 % (1.81–3.69)	4.98 % (2.34–10.31)	3.45 % (2.59–4.58)	[8, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29–31, 33, 35, 38, 43–47, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 62, 69, 70, 72, 74, 79, 96, 97, 100, 101, 104, 115–140]
Late radial artery occlusion	3.23 % (2.01–5.15)	3.21 % (2.10–4.87)	3.30 % (1.98–5.46)	3.34 % (2.57–4.32)	[20, 21, 23–27, 31, 36, 44, 46, 48, 53, 55–57, 61, 65, 67, 71, 72, 76, 86, 89, 93, 103–105, 115, 125, 130, 133, 136, 140–143]
Minor access-site bleeding	4.30 % (2.35–7.75)	1.93 % (0.61–5.96)	1.56 % (0.93–2.61)	2.49 % (1.29–4.75)	[6, 24, 26, 29, 34, 36, 47–49, 55, 59, 64, 76, 78, 80, 107, 108, 116, 119, 121, 127, 131, 132, 136–138, 144–150]
Major access-site bleeding	0.34 % (0.12–0.97)	0.79 % (0.50–1.23)	0.22 % (0.03–1.57)	0.66 % (0.44–0.99)	[25, 36, 40, 43, 45, 46, 56, 60–62, 64, 65, 74, 79, 101–103, 106, 112, 118, 123, 130, 136–138, 144, 147, 148, 151–166]
Minor access-site haematoma	3.89 % (2.40–6.25)	3.34 % (2.49–4.47)	1.54 % (0.54–4.32)	3.22 (2.42–4.28)	[8, 23, 26, 27, 29–31, 33, 36, 37, 39, 44, 45, 47, 57, 58, 68, 71, 72, 76, 80, 86, 89, 92, 95–97, 100, 103, 107, 108, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 124, 130, 132, 138, 146, 152, 157, 167–175]
Major access-site haematoma	0.87 % (0.56–1.36)	1.07 % (0.67–1.71)	0.45 % (0.24–0.82)	0.89 % (0.65–1.21)	[6, 8, 23, 25, 27, 30, 33, 34, 37, 39–41, 43, 45, 49–55, 68–70, 72–74, 76, 80, 86, 9 0, 100, 101, 105, 107, 108, 110–113, 116–119, 123–125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 134, 136, 139, 142, 145, 146, 150, 152, 153, 155–159, 162, 163, 165, 168, 169, 172, 174–189]
Perforation	0.28 % (0.08–0.90)	0.64 % (0.12–3.22)	0.48 (0.16–1.49)	0.40 % (0.20–0.80)	[37, 47, 65, 66, 67, 90, 93, 95, 113, 136, 150, 177, 184, 190, 191]
Dissection	0.40 % (0.10–1.59)	0.48 % (0.09–2.39)	0.72 % (0.15–3.43)	0.49 % (0.19–1.27)	[8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 37, 41, 50, 51, 73, 90, 101, 102, 186, 190, 192]
Swelling	2.4 % (1.1–5.3)	3.5 % (0.5–20.6)	1.0 (0.1–6.6)	2.76 % (1.36–5.5)	[28, 34, 35, 80, 154]
Compartment syndrome	0.01 % (0.0–0.02)	0.14 % (0.03–0.71)	0.0 % (0.0–0.11)	0.0 % (0.01–0.07)	[8, 32, 37, 45, 51, 56, 173, 184]
Pseudo-aneurysm	038 % (0.20–0.73)	0.32 % (0.18–0.58)	0.18 % (0.05–0.73)	0.32 % (0.21–0.49)	[20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 36–38, 40, 41, 43–45, 50, 51, 55–57, 60–62, 69, 73, 96, 103, 112, 122, 124, 137–139, 144–146, 148, 155, 157, 166, 171–173, 180, 181, 183, 184, 188, 192]
Arteriovenous fistula	0.20 % (0.09–0.48)	0.22 % (0.11–0.43)	0.19 % (0.05–0.74)	0.21 % (0.13–0.35)	[25–27, 30, 31, 36–38, 40, 41, 43–45, 50, 51, 56, 57, 60–62, 95, 112, 113, 117, 136–138, 142, 144, 155, 166, 179, 184, 188, 191]
Infection/Inflammation	0.83 % (0.34–1.99)	1.06 % (0.15–7.17)	Not applicable	0.86 % (0.38–1.93)	[22, 28, 37, 73, 137, 171, 193]

TR-CAG transradial catheterisation, TR-PCI transradial percutaneous coronary intervention, TR-PCP transradial percutaneous coronary procedures.