FIG. 2.

(a) A photograph of the integrated microfluidic chip for phage display bio-panning process, which contains closed-chamber micropumps/micromixers, normally closed microvalves, chambers, and a temperature control module underneath six phage amplification chambers. Note that the heating area is used for E. coli culture in 37 °C. (b) The layers marked in red and blue represent the air control module layer and the fluid channel layer, respectively. Separated layers of the integrated microfluidic chip are composed of an air control module layer, a fluid channel layer, and a glass substrate.