Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of screened peptides used (a-1) HCT-8 (H) as target cells and CRSC (C) as control cells, and (a-2) presented the OD values analysis with several PAGE results (n = 5), indicating that the amount of PCR product was observed to increase and become saturated from H1st to H6th; (b-1) CRSC as target cells and HCT-8 as control cells,28 and (b-2) presented the OD values analysis with several PAGE results (n = 5), indicating that the amount of PCR product was observed to increase and become saturated from C1st to C6th. P: positive control using phage library. N: negative control using ddH2O. L: 50-bp ladders. Lanes H1st to H6th and C1st to C6th represent the first to the sixth round of the selection, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Che et al., in 2014 9th IEEE International Conference on Proceedings of Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), Hawaii, USA, 13–16 April, 2014, pp. 440–443. Copyright 2014 IEEE.