Table 1.

Study inclusion criteria

Published studies were considered if they met the following eligibility criteria:
i) Adult population ≥18 years with chronic heart failure staged II–IV using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, including both reduced ejection fraction and preserved ejection fraction
ii) In studies with mixed samples, at least 40 % have chronic heart failure and this population is reported on separately
iii) Studies can be of any quantitative or mixed-method design, except reviews or case studies/series
iv) An intervention will be included if the description of the intervention is adequate to allow the reviewer to establish that it aimed to increase patient-centred care behaviour by incorporating shared decision-making where this involved one or more of:
a. Promoting patient participation/involvement in the formulation of care plans
b. Shared control of the patient–healthcare professional consultation
c. Patient self-identification of their own goals of care
v) The intervention involved at least one face-to-face clinical consultation between the patient and healthcare professional
vi) Studies measured at least one health-related outcome, e.g. health-related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms
vii) Studies in English