. 2015 Apr 1;262(10):2201–2213. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7703-x

Table 3.

Muscles commonly affected in cervical dystonia, their function, and BoNT doses currently used (from reference [46])

Muscle name	Function	BoNT-A/Ona/Inco (U)	BoNT-A/Abo (U)	BoNT-B/Rima (U)
Anterior muscles
Longus collis	Flexion (forward)	15–30	20–60	N/A
Longus collis	Mild rotation (ipsi)	15–30	20–60	N/A
Longus capitis	Flexion (forward)	5–15	20–60	N/A
Longus capitis	Rotation (ipsi)	5–15	20–60	N/A
Rectus capitis anterior	Flexion (forward)	2.5–10	10–30	N/A
Sternocleidomastoid	Rotation (contra)	20–50	40–120	1000–3000
	Tilt (ipsi)
	Sagittal shift (backward)
	Flexion (forward)
Lateral muscles
Anterior scalene	Tilt (ipsi)	5–30	20–100	500–2000
	Rotation (contra)
	Flexion (forward)
Middle scalene	Tilt (ipsi)	5–30	20–100	500–2000
Middle scalene	Rotation (contra)	5–30	20–100	500–2000
Rectus capitis lateralis	Tilt (ipsi)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Posterior scalene	Tilt (ipsi)	5–30	20–100	500–2000
Posterior scalene	Mild rotation (contra)	5–30	20–100	500–2000
Posterior muscles
Splenius capitis	Rotation (ipsi)	40–100	100–350	1000–4000
	Tilt (ipsi)
	Sagittal shift (backward)
	Extension (backward)
Semispinalis capitis	Rotation (contra)	20–100	60–250	1000–2000
	Tilt (ipsi)
	Extension (backward)
Trapezius	Shoulder elevation	25–100	60–300	1000–4000
	Extension (backward)
	Sagittal shift (backward)
	Tilt (ipsi)
	Rotation (assists in ipsi and contra)
Levator scapulae	Shoulder and scapula elevation	20–100	60–200	1000–2000
	Tilt (ipsi)
	Rotation (contra)
Obliquus capitis inferior	Rotation (ipsi)	10–20	50–80	N/A
Rectus capitis posterior	Rotation (ipsi)	2.5–10	10–30	N/A

The distinction into anterior, lateral, and posterior muscles is aimed at providing a schematic distinction, as several muscles produce multiple movements. First-treatment doses should not exceed 200 BoNT-A/Ona/Inco U, 500 BoNT-A/Abo or 5000 BoNT-B/Rima U. Total dose/session should not exceed 400 BoNT-A/Ona/Inco U, 1000 BoNT-A/Abo U or 10,000 BoNT-B/Rima U

N/A evidence or personal experience not available