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. 2015 Oct 17;12:97. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0086-8

Table 5.

Young women’s measures of agency: Participation in decision-making, ability to visit alone and self-efficacy and composite agency scores by marital status, Jharkhand 2012

Married Unmarried
(n = 690) (n = 691)
n % n % p-value1
Participation in decision-making
 Choosing a friend (71) (82) <0.001
 Spending money (22) (26) 0.061
 Buying cloths for own (17) (18) 0.530
 Own health care (8) (1) <0.001
 Choosing any doctor (6) (1) <0.001
 When to get pregnant (9) n/a --
 When to get married n/a (3) --
Mobility
 Able to visit program inside village alone 96 (14) 106 (15) 0.453
 Able to visit shop inside village alone 174 (25) 359 (52) <0.001
 Able to visit friend inside village alone 172 (25) 318 (46) <0.001
 Able to visit program outside village alone 20 (3) 23 (3) 0.646
 Able to visit shop outside village alone 26 (4) 23 (3) 0.658
 Able to visit friend outside village alone 14 (2) 14 (2) 0.997
 Able to visit doctor alone 12 (2) 4 (1) 0.044
Self-efficacy
 No difficulty expressing opinion to elders 163 (24) 159 (23) 0.787
 Can talk confidently to a provider on SRH issues including abortion 153 (22) 103 (15) 0.001
 Can initiate discussing issues related to SRH with my friends 217 (31) 141 (20) <0.001
 Can help my friends to choose a trained doctor who provides abortion 146 (21) 47 (7) <0.001
 Able to say “no” to sex if I don’t feel like having sex 238 (35) -- -- --
Composite agency scores
Mean (sd) Mean (sd)
 Decision making [Range: 0–12] 2.5 (2.25) 2.6 (1.79) 0.372
 Choice of mobility [Range: 0–12] 6.6 (1.93) 7.5 (1.67) <0.001
 Access to money [Range: 0–3] 0.2 (0.63) 0.1 (0.56) 0.005
 Sense of self-worth [Range: 0–4] 0.9 (1.15) 0.6 (0.89) <0.001
 Overall Agency [Range: 0–33] 10.2 (3.99) 10.8 (3.06) 0.005

1P-value associated with Z-test of two sample proportions