Fig. 2.

The molecular interaction of the gut microbiota is greatly influenced by the dietary compounds consumed. The microbes residing in the human gut produce a number of low molecular weight molecules such as butyrate, folate, propionate, and biotin. These compounds either directly bring about epigenetic modifications such as changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation or indirectly act via activation or inhibition of certain enzymes such as DNMTs, HDACs, or even hTERTs. Me DNA methylation, Ac histone acetylation