Table V.
The feto-maternal outcomes of thyroid autoimmune positivity in euthyroid pregnant women
| Authors | Year of publication | Location | Type of Study | Participants | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stagnaro-Green et al (68) | 1990 | USA | Prospective | 552 pregnant women | Increased miscarriage |
| Glinoer et al (40) | 1991 | Belgium | Prospective | 120 euthyroid pregnant women | Increased spontaneous abortion |
| Pratt et al (64) | 1993 | USA | Retrospective (case control) | 45 women and 100 apparently health blood donors served as controls. | Increased recurrent spontaneous abortions |
| Glinoer et al (41) | 1994 | Belgium | Prospective | 87 healthy pregnant women with thyroid antibodies and normal thyroid function | Increased spontaneous miscarriage and premature deliveries |
| Bussen et al (63) | 1995 | Germany | Retrospective | 66 women (22 euthyroid non-pregnant habitual aborters; 22 nulligravidae and 22 multigravidae without endocrine dysfunction as controls). | Increased habitual abortions |
| Singh et al (69) | 1995 | USA | Retrospective | 487 subfertile women who had undergone Assisted reproductive technology |
Increased miscarriage |
| Iijima et al (70) | 1997 | Japan | Prospective | 1, 179 healthy pregnant women including 228 cases of positive thyroid autoantibody | Increased spontaneous abortion |
| Kutteh et al (62) | 1999 | USA | Retrospective. | 1588 women (700 women with a history of pregnancy losses, 688 women with a history of infertility who were undergoing Assisted reproductive technology, and 200 healthy, reproductive-aged female controls) | Increased recurrent pregnancy loss |
| Muller et al (66) | 1999 | Netherlands | Prospective (nested-case control) | 173 subfertile women undergoing Invitro fertilization |
No increase of miscarriage in women without a history of habitual abortion |
| Dendrinos et al (60) | 2000 | Greece | Retrospective (case control) | 45 women (30 euthyroid with Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and 15 matched controls) | Increased recurrent spontaneous miscarriage |
| Bagis et al (59) | 2001 | Turkey | Retrospective | 876 women | Increased abortion |
| Poppe et al (71) | 2003 | Belgium | Prospective, | 234 subfertile women undergoing Assisted reproductive technology |
Increased miscarriage |
| Marai et al (72) | 2004 | Israel | Retrospective (case control) | 66 women (58 with impaired fertility and 28 control parous women) | Increased recurrent miscarriages |
| Stagnaro-Green et al (42) | 2005 | USA | Prospective (nested-case control) | 124 Cases and 124 Controls were randomly selected from among the 953 women who delivered at term | Increased very preterm delivery |
| Negro et al (27) | 2006 | Italy | Randomized Clinical Trial | 984 pregnant women (TPO Ab + & -, euthyroid & subclinical) |
Increased miscarriage and premature deliveries |
| Ghafoor et al (73) | 2006 | Pakistan | Prospective | 1, 500 pregnant women | Increased low-birth-weight of neonates and high abortion rate |
| Negro et al (46) | 2007 | Italy | Retrospective | 416 euthyroid women (42 were positive TPOAb) undergoing Assisted reproductive technology | Increased unsuccessful pregnancy or subsequent miscarriage |
| Iravani et al (74) | 2008 | Iran | Retrospective (case-control) |
641 women with a history of 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses and 269 controls | Increased recurrent abortion |
| Cleary-Goldman et al (33) | 2008 | USA | Prospective | 10,990 pregnant women | Increased preterm premature rupture of membranes |
| Männistö et al (75) | 2009 | Finland | Prospective | 9, 247 singleton pregnancies | Increased perinatal death |
| Soltanghoraee et al (76) | 2010 | Iran | Retrospective (case control) | 95 cases as fertile controls and 70, 78 and 137 cases with infertility and recurrent abortion respectively. | Increased recurrent abortion |
| Haddow et al (77) | 2010 | USA | Prospective | 10, 062 singleton pregnancies | Increased preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes |
| Negro et al (78) | 2011 | Italy | Prospective | 3593 pregnant women | Increased very preterm delivery and respiratory distress |
| Nambiar et al (61) | 2011 | India | Prospective | 483 pregnant women | Increased miscarriage |
| Ashoor et al (65) | 2011 | Europe | Prospective | 4, 420 singleton pregnancies | No increase spontaneous early preterm delivery |
| Karakosta et al (44) | 2012 | Greece | Prospective | 1170 pregnant women (TPO Ab + & - , euthyroid & subclinical) |
Increased gestational diabetes and low birth weight neonates among those with of high TSH and spontaneous preterm among those without elevated TSH levels |