Table 1.

List of evaluated projects.

Project	Start	End	URL	Description
BBMRI	2008	2011	http://bbmri.eu/	BBMRI connects researchers, biobankers, patient advocacy groups, and pharmaceutical research companies to foster a quicker discovery of new treatments [26]. Their strategy is based on the enrichment and harmonization of biobanks.
BioMedBridges	2012	2015	http://www.biomedbridges.eu/	BioMedBridges' goal is to launch a shared e-infrastructure for biological and biomedical data.
BioSHaRe-EU	2010	2015	https://www.bioshare.eu/	BioSHaRe-EU partners are working to ensure the development of harmonized measures and standardized computing infrastructures.
BRIDGEtoData	2011	—	http://www.bridgetodata.org/	BRIDGEtoData aims to be an online reference platform describing population healthcare databases for use in epidemiology and health outcomes research.
DDMoRe	2011	2016	http://www.ddmore.eu/	The Drug Disease Model Resources (DDMoRe) project aims to establish a universal standard framework for modelling drugs and diseases [27, 28].
EHR4CR	2011	2014	http://www.ehr4cr.eu/	EHR4CR partners built, validated, and deployed a Europe-wide innovative technological platform to reuse EHRs data for clinical research purposes [29].
ELIXIR	2010	2018	http://www.elixir-europe.org/	ELIXIR project's goal is to coordinate the collection, quality control, and archiving of large amounts of biological data [30].
EMIF	2012	2018	http://www.emif.eu/	EMIF's goal involves the creation of an innovative and connected patient registry catalogue that will enable researchers and pharmaceutical companies to search for patient-level data based on the databases' digital fingerprints [31].
ESGI	2011	2015	http://www.esgi-infrastructure.eu/	ESGI's goal is to integrate and standardise current and emerging technologies, providing access to infrastructures so that a broad group of European researchers can use the new technologies.
eTRIKS	2012	2017	http://www.etriks.org/	eTRIKS' objective is to address knowledge management gaps by building a sustainable translational research informatics/knowledge management platform and to provide additional sustainable services.
EU-ADR	2008	2012	https://bioinformatics.ua.pt/euadr/	EU-ADR project aimed developing a unique computerized system to detect adverse drug reactions (ADRs), supplementing spontaneous reporting systems [32].
EURenOmics	2012	2018	http://www.eurenomics.eu/	EURenOmics work is based on rare kidney diseases, where the project seeks to establish more accurate diagnoses strategies and improve clinical care.
Euro-BioImaging	2010	2014	http://www.eurobioimaging.eu/	Euro-BioImaging's main work covered the improvement of existing research infrastructures on a large scale.
GEN2PHEN	2008	2013	http://gen2phen.org/	GEN2PHEN was created to unify human and model organism genetic variation databases towards increasingly holistic views into Genotype-to-Phenotype (G2P) data and to link this system into other biomedical knowledge sources via genome browser functionality [33].
NeurOmics	2012	2018	http://rd-neuromics.eu/	NeurOmics' research objectives feature the study of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases in an attempt to explore Omics technologies to improve diagnosis, treatments, and general patient care.
OMOP	2008	2013	http://omop.org/	OMOP's goal was to design experiments testing a variety of analytical methodologies in a range of data types to look for drug impacts, going towards a complete database analysis standard [34].
Oncotrack	2011	2016	http://www.oncotrack.eu/	Oncotrack deploys several methods for systematic next generation oncology biomarker development [35, 36].
OpenPHACTS	2011	2014	http://www.openphacts.org/	OpenPHACTS works with the integration of a relevant and continuously expanding subset of distributed heterogeneous data sources into one “virtual resource,” via the creation of a semantic interoperability layer [37].
RD-Connect	2012	2018	http://rd-connect.eu/	RD-Connect will launch an integrated platform connecting databases, registries, biobanks, and clinical bioinformatics for rare diseases research [38].
Sentinel	2008	—	http://www.fda.gov/Safety/FDAsSentinelInitiative/default.htm	Sentinel is a USA-based electronic system that will transform FDA's ability to track the safety of drugs, biologics, and medical devices [39, 40]. This initiative aims to develop and implement a proactive system that will complement existing systems that the FDA has in place to track reports of adverse events linked to the use of its regulated products.