Table 1.

Bivariate analysis for the animal-level seropositivity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in commercial dairy and beef cattle in northern and northeastern China.

Characteristics	Cattle tested	MAP			BLV
	(number)	Number  of positive cattle	%	P value	Number of positive cattle	%	P value
Species
Dairy cattle	2044	251	12.28	0.317	378	18.49	0.722
Beef cattle	1630	182	11.17		294	18.04
Region
Heilongjiang	594	72	12.12	0.150	103	17.34	0.126
Jilin	638	86	13.48		134	21.00
Liaoning	673	95	14.12		131	19.47
Hebei	712	73	10.25		145	20.37
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	957	107	11.18		159	16.61
Age
≤1 year	995	98	9.85	<0.001	128	12.86	<0.001
2-3 year	1278	103	8.06		226	17.68
4-5 year	689	101	14.66		142	20.61
≥6 year	712	131	18.40		176	24.72
Gender
Male	1277	164	12.84	0.147	214	16.76	0.079
Female	2397	269	11.22		458	19.11
Abortion history
No	3162	327	10.34	<0.001∗	556	17.58	0.006
Yes	512	106	20.70		116	22.65
Total	3674	433	11.79		672	18.29