Table 3.

Summary of reviewed publications with S53P4 bioactive glass for spondylodesis or treatment of depressed tibial plateau fractures.

Reference	Clinical indication	Number of treated patients with S53P4 implants	Application form	Number of successful treatments	Complications related to S53P4 implant	Study design	Follow-up period [months]	Examinations during follow-up
Frantzén et al. [33]	Spondylodesis	17	Granules (1.0–2.0 mm)	15	1 subjective outcome was unchanged after 132 months 1 subjective outcome was worse after 132 months VAS score at 132 months: 3.5 (range: 0–8)	Prospective single centre cohort study	132	Clinical examination, VAS pain score list, subjective satisfaction grades, and examinations on CT, MRI, and DEXA
Rantakokko et al. [34]	Spondylodesis	10	Granules (size not reported)	10	3 subjective outcomes were fair after 120 months 5 were good after 120 months 2 were excellent after 120 months VAS score at 120 months: 1.0 (range: 1–4)	Prospective single centre cohort study	120	Clinical examination, subjective patient satisfaction, VAS pain score and Oswestry disability questionnaires, and CT and DEXA evaluations
Heikkilä et al. [35]	Depressed lateral tibial plateau fractures	14	Granules (0.83–3.15 mm)	14	None	Prospective single centre randomized study	12	Clinical examination by orthopaedic surgeons, CT evaluation, and subjective and functional evaluations