Table 2.

Applications of chitosan-based scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Chitosan combination	Scaffold obtained	Experimental model	Tissue application	Reference
Chitosan + hyaluronan	Hybrid polymer fiber	Fibroblasts from patellar tendon of Japanese white rabbit	Ligament	[6]
Collagen-chitosan + fibrin glue	Asymmetric porous scaffold	Human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes	Skin	[7]
Chitosan + alginate	Polyelectrolyte multilayer film	C2C12 myoblasts	Muscle	[8]
Chitosan + aloe vera	Blended membrane	Bovine articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells	Skin	[9]
Chitosan alone	Membrane	Embryonal submandibular gland cells	Salivary gland	[10]
Chitosan + layer of chitosan/gelatin	Sandwich tubular scaffold	Vascular smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta	Blood vessel	[11]
Genipin-crosslinked chitosan, chitosan-nanohydroxyapatite	Framework	Human periodontal ligament tissue, periodontal ligament stem cells	Bone	[12]
Chitosan + collagen	Hydrogel	Epididymal  fat pads cells, and subcutaneous pocket of male Lewis rat	Adipose tissue	[13]
Chitosan + polyester	Compressed porous disc	Bovine articular chondrocytes	Cartilage	[14]
Chitosan + collagen + genipin	Crosslinked porous membrane	Rabbit articular chondrocytes	Cartilage	[15]
Chitosan + chondroitin sulphate	Bidimensional glass surfaces or 3D packet of paraffin	Bovine articular chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells culture	Cartilage	[16]
Chitosan + adipose-derived stem cells	Tube nerve conduit	Male, Sprague-Dawley rats sciatic nerve transection	Nerve	[17]
Chitosan alone	Tube	Male, beagle dogs phrenic nerve resection	Nerve	[18]
Chitosan alone	Viscous solution and a monolayer rigid physical hydrogel	Female minipigs third-degree burns	Skin	[19]
Chitosan + silk fibroin	Thin blended film	Female guinea pigs ventral hernia	Muscle	[20]
Chitosan + β-sodium glycerophosphate + hydroxyethyl cellulose	Hydrogel	Male and female sheep articular defect	Cartilage	[21]
Chitosan + calcium phosphate cement	Chitosan microspheres inside cement paste	Male rabbit femoral defect	Bone	[22]