Table 2.

Studies showing miRNA expression profile predictive of response to CRT in LARC.

Study	Specimen	N patients	Validation group	Radiotherapy dose   Chemotherapy	Response assessment	Identified miRNA: more relevant miRNAs	Outcome
Svoboda et al. 2008 [17]	Tumor tissue biopsies	35		50.4 Gy/28 fractions   Capecitabine	Dworak regression grade	Interpatient variability   miR125b miR137 upregulated during treatment: poor response
Della Vittoria Scarpati et al. 2012 [18]	Tumor tissue biopsy	35		45 Gy   Capecitabine + oxaliplatin	Mandard regression grade	57 miRNAs: 13 confirmed by PCR   miR-622 and miR-630	Sensitivity 100%   Specificity 100%
Kheirelseid et al. 2013 [19]	Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded   biopsies   Fresh-frozen biopsies	12		Not specified   Not specified	Mandard regression grade	Downregulated: miR-10b, miR-143, and miR-145   Upregulated: miR-21   Signature: miR-519c-3p and miR-561	Accuracy 100%
Svoboda et al. 2012 [20]	Tumor tissue biopsy	20		45 + 5.4 Gy   Capecitabine/5-FU	Mandard regression grade	Nonresponders:   Overexpressed: miR-215, miR190b, and miR-29b-2   Lower expression: let7e, miR-196b, miR-450a, miR-450b-5p, and miR-99a	Accuracy 90%
Hotchi et al. 2013 [21]	Tumor tissue biopsy	43	21	40 Gy/20 fractions   S1	Histopathological   RECIST   Downstaging	2 miRNAs: miR-223   9 miRNAs: miR-223   3 miRNAs: miR-223	AUC 0.768   Sensitivity 100%   Specificity 78%