Table 2.
Clinical effects of vegetable compounds.
| Vegetable | Clinical effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Resveratrol | (i) Decreases SBP without affecting DBP | [37] |
| (ii) Enhances Ach-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive and dyslipidemic pts | [38] | |
| (iii) Improves FMD in pts with either metabolic syndrome or previous MI | [39, 40] | |
| (iv) Decreases total cholesteroland total and ox-LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB levels in pts with T2DM, CAD, hyperlipidemia, and other CV risk factors | [53, 54] | |
| (v) Improves insulin sensitivity in both obese and metabolic syndrome pts | [66, 67] | |
| (vi) Improves significantly diastolic function and modestly systolic function in pts with previous MI | [40] | |
|
| ||
| Brassica oleracea | (i) Reduces total, LDL cholesterol and markers of oxidative stress in smokers and hypercholesterolemic pts | [108, 119] |
| (ii) Improves lipid profiles and ox-LDL/LDL cholesterol ratio in T2DM pts | [132] | |
| (iii) Lowers arterial stiffness and central BP in women | [133] | |
|
| ||
| Curcumin | (i) Decreases both total and LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol in healthy subjects and in ACS pts | [164, 165] |
| (ii) Increases FMD in postmenopausal women | [168] | |
|
| ||
| Berberine | (i) Increases both LVEF and exercise capacity and decreases rates of ventricular premature complexes and long-term mortality in HF pts | [199] |
| (ii) Reduces total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels and modestly increases HDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic and T2DM pts | [203, 205] | |
| (iii) Reduces glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin, postprandial glucose, and fasting plasma glucose in T2DM pts | [204] | |
| (iv) Lowers SBP and DBP in hypertensive, T2DM, and hyperlipidemic pts | [206] | |
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Ach: Acetylcholine; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; MI: myocardial infarction; ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Apo: apolipoprotein; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; CV: cardiovascular; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; HF: heart failure; pts: patients.