Table 3.

Ongoing controlled clinical studies on serum eye drops from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trial registration number	Study type	Patient number	Blood derivatives	Conditions	End-point	Phase
NCT01089985	Interventional	10	AS	Xerophthalmia	Efficacy and safety of AS.	Phase 1
NCT01972438	Randomized Intervention Double-blind	44	Autologous serum versus saline solution	HSCT patients with severe ocular GVHD	Treatment of severe chronic ocular GVHD in HSCT patients unresponsive to standard medical treatment.	Phase 1 Phase 2
NCT01075347	Randomized Intervention Assignment Single-blind	165	Human autoserum versus traditional medications (0.1% betamethasone, 0.3% gentamicin, and 0.4% tropicamide eye drops)	Corneal epithelial defect, diabetic retinopathy, penetrating keratoplasty	Corneal epithelial healing time by slit-lamp examination with fluorescein staining.	Phase 1
NCT00681642	Observational	7	Human autoserum versus cord blood serum	Corneal epithelial defect, dry eye syndrome	Wound healing, cell proliferation and migration by means of wound healing assay evaluation, MTS assay, and Boyden chamber migration assay.	Completed
NCT00442273	Interventional Nonrandomized Double-blind	48	20% autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops	Severe dry eye syndrome	Therapeutic effect between autologous serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops in the treatment of severe dry eye syndrome.	Not provided
NCT00598299	Observational Prospective	100	Human autoserum versus cord blood serum	Corneal epithelial defect, dry eye syndrome	Corneal wound healing assay evaluation, MTS assay, and Boyden chamber migration assay	Completed
NCT01168375	Intervention	80	Umbilical cord serum	Corneal epithelial defect following diabetic vitrectomy	Measurement of corneal epithelial defect in days 3, 5, 7, and 12 by slit lamp.	Phase 1
NCT01016158	Interventional Randomized Single-blind	NP	20% umbilical cord serum eye drops	Recurrent corneal erosion	Efficacy 20% umbilical cord serum eye drops.	Completed
NCT01234623	Randomized	30	Cord blood serum	GVHD, Sjogren's Disease	Healing of corneal epithelial defects, ameliorating the painful subjective symptoms.	Phase 1
NCT02291731	Interventional Single-blind	Not provided	20% autologous serum eye drops and silicone-hydrogel contact lens (CLs)	Corneal diseases	Clinical effect of combination of topical 20% autologous serum eye drops and CLs in the treatment of recalcitrant PEDs and the recurrence rate of epithelial breakdown with or without continued use of autologous serum eye drops for 2 weeks after total reepithelialization.	Currently recruiting
NCT01122303	Observational	20	20% autologous serum eye drops	SJS, nonautoimmune dry eye	Comparisons of the concentrations of EGF, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and fibronectin in 20% AS between SJS patients with dry eye and nonautoimmune dry eye patients.	Unknown
NCT00238862	Randomized single group Open label	180	Autologous serum 20% versus amniotic membrane transplantation	PED	Corneal reepithelialization, persistent corneal reepithelialization.	Completed
NCT02153515	Single group Open label	60	Autologous serum finger prick of blood	Dry eyes, PED, ulcers	Ulcers time healing (within 4 weeks) Improving of corneal and conjunctival staining, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, or symptoms ocular comfort index questionnaire (dry eyes).	Phase 3
NCT00779987	Interventional study Double-blind	12	20% autologous serum solution	Dry eye	Score reduction in the OSDI between patients treated with autologous serum and conventional artificial tears.	Phase 2

HCST: hematopoietic stem cell transplant; GVHD: chronic graft versus host disease; CLs: silicone-hydrogel contact lens; CLs: silicone-hydrogel contact lens; PED: persistent epithelial defects; SJS: Steven Johnson Syndrome; OSDI: Ocular Surface Disease Index; EGF: epidermal growth factor; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor β1; TGF-β2: transforming growth factor β2; MTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium.