TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis of variables related to ESBLPE carriage in Israeli cattle
| Covariate | Mean ± SD prevalence (%) of carriers | No. (%) of sections in group | PRa | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numeric covariates | ||||
| Cattle cleanliness (35.1% ± 34.5%)b | 2.4 ± 3.1 | 123 (100.0)c | 1.010 | <.001 |
| Trough (3.1 ± 2.4)b | 1.8 ± 2.5 | 111 (90.2)c | 0.927 | 0.053 |
| Categorical covariates | ||||
| Age (mo) | ||||
| <4 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 32 (26.0) | 6.534 | <.001 |
| 5–10 | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 29 (23.6) | 2.136 | |
| 11–24 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 36 (29.3) | 1.545 | |
| >25 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 26 (21.1) | 1.000 | |
| Trough cleanliness | ||||
| Dirty | 2.6 ± 3.1 | 16 (13.0) | 0.242 | <.001 |
| Partially dirty | 1.7 ± 2.3 | 82 (66.7) | 0.226 | |
| Clean | 3.9 ± 4.1 | 21 (17.1) | 1.000 | |
| Information missing | 4 (3.3) | |||
| Cooling system | ||||
| Fan | 2.5 ± 3.2 | 39 (31.7) | 0.791 | <.001 |
| Fan and nebulizers | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 18 (14.6) | 0.261 | |
| None | 2.6 ± 3.2 | 66 (53.7) | 1.000 | |
| Crowdedness (no. of heads/m2) | ||||
| <5 | 5.9 ± 3.5 | 24 (19.5) | 8.656 | <.001 |
| 5–10 | 2.1 ± 2.9 | 23 (18.7) | 3.532 | |
| 11–20 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 40 (32.5) | 1.988 | |
| 21–30 | 1.4 ± 2.3 | 20 (16.3) | 1.689 | |
| >30 | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 16 (13.0) | 1.000 | |
| Method for manure cleaning | ||||
| Tractor | 1.5 ± 2.1 | 38 (30.9) | 0.282 | <.001 |
| Automatic shovel | 1.7 ± 1.7 | 18 (14.6) | 0.187 | |
| Slatted floors | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 6 (4.9) | 0.000 | |
| None | 3.3 ± 3.6 | 46 (37.4) | 1.000 | |
| Information missing | 15 (12.2) | |||
| No. of heads/section | ||||
| <199 | 3.1 ± 3.3 | 18 (14.6) | 1.000 | <.001 |
| 200–499 | 2.8 ± 3.1 | 46 (37.4) | 0.710 | |
| 500–799 | 2.1 ± 3.1 | 43 (35.0) | 0.375 | |
| 800–999 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 16 (13.0) | 0.340 | |
| No. of veterinarian visits/wk | ||||
| 0 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 36 (29.3) | 0.176 | 0.032 |
| 1 | 2.4 ± 3.3 | 17 (13.8) | 0.392 | |
| 2 | 2.9 ± 3.2 | 60 (48.8) | 0.527 | |
| 3 | 3.4 ± 4.1 | 8 (6.5) | 0.690 | |
| 5 | 5.5 ± 4.9 | 2 (1.6) | 1.000 | |
| No. of new cattle on farm in preceding month | ||||
| None | 2.3 ± 3.0 | 91 (74.0) | 0.684 | 0.781 |
| From Israel | 2.3 ± 3.3 | 25 (20.3) | 0.779 | |
| From overseas | 3.1 ± 3.2 | 7 (5.7) | 1.000 | |
| Antimicrobial prophylaxis | ||||
| No | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 90 (73.2) | 0.231 | <.001 |
| Yes | 5.2 ± 3.7 | 33 (26.8) | 1.000 | |
| Vaccination other than mandatory | ||||
| Yes | 2.3 ± 2.9 | 23 (18.7) | 1.000 | 0.548 |
| No | 2.4 ± 3.1 | 100 (81.3) | 1.300 |
a
PR, prevalence ratio.
b
Data in parentheses represent the mean ± SD of the covariate.
c
The number of sections (in the continuous variable) where data were available.