Table 2.
Polymers | Stabilizer | Size | Encapsulation % EE |
Release | Biological activity | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLGA | PVA | 10–20 µm | Adsorbed rhBMP2 | 20 ng/mL of constant sustained release | Better bone formation after 8 weeks | Fu et al. 2013 [44] |
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PLGA | PVA | 10–100 μm | rhBMP2-BSA 69% (BMP) |
Burst (20%) Sustained until 77% (28 days) |
BMP2 molecules with bioactivity | Tian et al. 2012 [45] |
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PLGA 75 : 25 | PVA | 182 μm | 82% | — | Good bone defect repair outcomes within 8−12 weeks |
Rodríguez-Évora et al. 2014 [46] |
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PLGA | PVA | 228 μm | 60,5% | 30% initial burst. Slower release of 4% per week. After 8 weeks 60% released | No loss of bioactivity | Reyes et al. 2013 [47] |
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PLGA/PEG | No double emulsion synthesis | 100–200 μm | Adsorbed BMP2 | 13% initial burst. Slower release of 0.01–8% per day. After 23 days 70% released | Substantial bone regeneration of the scaffold | Rahman et al. 2014 [48] |
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Different PLGA | PVA | 20–100 μm | 30% (uncapped PLGA) 90% (capped PLGA) |
26–49% (1 day) Total after 2 weeks |
No loss of bioactivity | Lupu-Haber et al. 2013 [49] |
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PLGA 75 : 25 | PVA | 5–125 μm | — | Initial burst 30% (1 day) Sustained 35 days |
Higher volumes and surface area coverage of new bone | Wink et al. 2014 [50] |
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PLGA | Heparin | 200–800 nm | Adsorbed BMP2 94% |
No initial burst. Sustained over 4 weeks | Significant reduction of the BMP2 dose for good bone formation | La et al. 2010 [51] |
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PLGA | Heparin- Poloxamer | 160 nm | Adsorbed BMP2 100% |
Initial burst (4–7%) linear profile | Higher matrix mineralization of regenerated bone | Chung et al. 2007 [52] |
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PLGA | Heparin | 100–250 nm | Adsorbed 94% | Initial burst 10% (1 day) 60% after 30 days |
No loss of bioactivity Efficacy of administration, amount 50-fold lower |
Jeon et al. 2008 [53] |
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PLGA | PVA | ~300 nm | 80% | 85% initial burst (1 day) | No loss of bioactivity | Yilgor et al. 2009 [54] |
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PLGA (in rings) | PVA | 215 μm | 66% | Moderate burst Sustained release over 6 weeks |
60% of calvaria defect were healed | Rodríguez-Évora et al. 2013 [55] |
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PLGA-Poloxamer 188 Blend | Poloxamer | 150 nm | FGF-BSA-Heparin 60–80% |
40% initial burst (1 day), 60% (30 days) | No loss of bioactivity | d'Angelo et al. 2010 [56] |
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Different PLGA polymers | PVA | μm order | rhBMP2 adsorption 40–75% |
20–80% initial burst (1 day) | — | Schrier et al. 2001 [57] |
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PLGA/PEG | PVA | 37–67 μm | 72–99% | 33% initial burst (1 day) | Little loss of bioactivity | Lochmann et al. 2010 [58] |
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PLGA/PLGA-PEG-PLGA | PVA | 100 μm | HSA-BMP2 60% |
70% initial burst (1 day) | No loss of bioactivity | White et al. 2013 [59] |
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PLGA | PVA | 100–1000 nm |
Α-1-antitrypsin 90% |
30% initial burst (1 day) 50% after 24 days |
Biological activity was preserved using BSA and β-cyclodextrine. | Pirooznia et al. 2012 [60] |