Figure 1.

This schematic summarizes the role of reactive oxygen species in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and related treatments. Reactive oxygen species generated during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion are involved in multiple cellular pathways that eventually lead to cardioprotection. HSP: heat shock protein; K_ATP: ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel; mitoK_ATP: mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; Nox: NADPH oxidase; OS: oxidative stress; PKC: protein kinase C; ROS: reactive oxygen species; and XO: xanthine oxidase.