Table 3.

Summary of the findings from ob/ob and LoxTB MC4R−/− mice models compared with the findings from diet-induced obese animal models reported in the literature

Parameter	ob/ob Mice Model	LoxTB MC4R−/− Mice Model	Diet-Induced Obesity (Based on Literature)
Leptin levels	None	Very high	Higher than normal (3)
Leptin CNS sympathetic effects	No	No	Yes (23, 79)
Leptin peripheral effects	No	Yes	Yes (15, 16)
Sympathetic activation	No	No	Yes (23, 39, 40)
Blood pressure	Normal	Normal	High (23, 37, 40)
Renal lipid accumulation	Yes	Yes	Yes (19)
Altered renal function	Yes	Yes	Yes (5, 18, 55, 95)
Renal injury	No	No	Yes (18, 19, 73)
Kidney mitochondrial dysfunction	Normal respiration rates but partial uncoupling, which may lower ROS production as well as ATP levels	Decreased respiration of substrates that require complex I may lower ATP levels; normal coupling	Normal respiration from succinate; normal coupling (73)
Kidney ATP levels	Lower than normal	Lower than normal
Mitochondrial oxidative stress	No	Yes	Yes (62, 73)
Proapoptotic signaling in kidney	No	Yes (increased CHOP expression)	Yes (increased CHOP expression) (78, 90)

CNS, central nervous system; ROS, reactive oxygen species.