Table 1. Concentrations (µg/kg) of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages.
| Country | Product | No. of samples | Ethyl carbamate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| China | Beer | 20 | 2-3 | 12 |
| Wine | 30 | 9-34 | ||
| Rice wine | 92 | 8-515 | ||
| White spirit | 22 | 12-192 | ||
| EU members | Beer | 13 | ND-1 | 11 |
| Wine | 17 | ND-24 | ||
| Fortified wine | 15 | 14-60 | ||
| Sake | 2 | 81-164 | ||
| Stone-fruit brandy | 3,244 | ND-22,000 | ||
| Whisky | 210 | ND-1,000 | ||
| Hong Kong | Beer | 15 | ND-5.8 | 28 |
| Wine | 20 | 6.7-47 | ||
| Rice wine | 21 | 2.0-330 | ||
| Distilled spirits | 9 | 20-66 | ||
| Japan | Sake | 92 | ND-202 | 11 |
| South Korea | Distilled spirits | 5 | ND-196 | 32,56 |
| Wine | 30 | 2.64 ± 3.71 | ||
| Rice wine | 8 | 14.11 ± 9.58 | ||
| Liquor | 2 | 157-230 | ||
| Soju | 6 | ND | ||
| United States | Wine | 91 | ND-254 | 54 |
| Sake/rice wine | 34 | 10-904 | ||
| Whisky | 212 | ND-1,719 | ||
| Brandy | 26 | 9-387 | ||