. 2015 Oct 19;5:12. doi: 10.1186/s13618-015-0035-1

Table 4.

Clinical trials published as of June, 2015

Authors/Year	Disease	Sample size	Open-label (OL), double-blind (DB), or single-blind (SB)	Hydrogen administration	Summary of the outcome
Kajiyama et al. [236]/2008	Diabetes mellitus type II	30	DB	Water	Improvement of fractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and a glucose tolerance test.
Nakao et al. [245]/2010	Metabolic syndrome	20	OL	Water	Improvement of urinary markers for oxidative stress such as SOD and TBARS, and increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol.
Nakayama et al. [311]/2010	Chronic renal failure	29	OL	Dialysis	Amelioration of hypertension and improvement of markers for oxidative stress and inflammation.
Ito et al. [223]/2011	Inflammatory and mitochondrial myopathies	31	OL/DB	Water	OL: Improvement of the serum lactate/pyruvate ratio in mitochondrial myopathies and the serum matrix metalloproteinse-3 level in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.
Ito et al. [223]/2011	Inflammatory and mitochondrial myopathies	31	OL/DB	Water	DB: Improvement of the serum lactate.
Kang et al. [281]/2011	Radiation-induced adverse effects for liver tumors	49	OL	Water	Improvement of quality of life (QOL) scores during radiotherapy.
Kang et al. [281]/2011	Radiation-induced adverse effects for liver tumors	49	OL	Water	Reduction of blood reactive oxygen metabolites and maintenance of blood oxidation potential.
Ishibashi et al. [218]/2012	Rheumatoid arthritis	20	OL	Water	Improvement of disease activity score for rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28).
Ishibashi et al. [218]/2012	Rheumatoid arthritis	20	OL	Water	Decrease of urinary 8-OHdG.
Aoki et al. [224]/2012	Muscle fatigue	10	DB	Water	Improvement of muscle fatigue in young athletes
Li et al. [216]/2013	Pressure skin ulcer	22	OL	Water	Wound size reduction and early recovery from skin pressure ulcer.
Matsumoto et al. [201]/2013	Interstitial cystitis	30	DB	Water	No significant effect on symptoms.
Matsumoto et al. [201]/2013	Interstitial cystitis	30	DB	Water	Reduction of the bladder pain score in 11 % of patients.
Nagatani et al. [106]/2013	Cerebral ischemia	38	OL	Intravenous infusion	Confirmation of safety of intravenous H₂ infusion.
Nagatani et al. [106]/2013	Cerebral ischemia	38	OL	Intravenous infusion	Decrease of MDA-LDL, a serum marker for oxidative stress, in a subset of patients.
Shin et al. [45]/2013	UV-induced skin injury	28	OL	Gas	Prevention and modulation of UV-induced skin inflammation, intrinsic skin aging, and photo aging process through reduction of MMP-1, IL-6, and IL-1b mRNA expression.
Song et al. [243]/2013	Hyperlipidemia	20	OL	Water	Decrease of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B100, and apoE
Xia et al. [179]/2013	Chronic hepatitis B	60	DB	Water	Attenuation of oxidative stress
Yoritaka et al. [96]/2013	Parkinson disease	17	DB	Water	Improvement of Total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and exacerbation after termination of H₂ water.
Ishibashi et al. [219]/2014	Rheumatoid arthritis	24	DB	Intravenous saline infusion	Improvement of DAS28.
Ishibashi et al. [219]/2014	Rheumatoid arthritis	24	DB	Intravenous saline infusion	Decrease of serum IL-6, MMP3, CRP, and urinary 8-OHdG.
Ostojic et al. [225]/2014	Sports-related soft tissue injury	36	SB	H2-rich tablets and topical H₂ packs	Decrease of plasma viscosity.
Ostojic et al. [225]/2014	Sports-related soft tissue injury	36	SB	H2-rich tablets and topical H₂ packs	Faster recovery from soft tissue injury.
Ostojic et al. [250]/2014	Exercise-induced metabolic acidosis	52	DB	Water	Increased blood alkalinity in physically active men.
Sakai et al. [230]/2014	Vascular endothelial function.	34	DB	Water	Increased flow-mediated dilation of branchial artery, suggesting that H₂ can serve as a modulator of vasomotor function of vasculature.
Song et al. [244]/2015	Hyperlipidemia	68	DB	Water	Down-regulation of plasma levels of total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, followed by increased plasma pre-β -HDL, apoM, and decreased plasma oxidized-LDL, apoB100.