Table 1.

Summary of previous studies of oral vaccination of fish using alginate microparticles.

Target	Fish species	Result	Reference
Commercial Vibrio anguillarum vaccine in two types of alginate microspheres	Carp and rainbow trout	Antibodies produced by carp only; protection not assessed	(38)
Plasmid DNA expressing major capsid protein of lymphocystis disease virus	Japanese flounder	Antigens detected in various tissues between 10 and 90 days post immunization	(64)
Aeromonas salmonicida recombinant A layer proteins in alginate beads	Goldfish	Antibodies produced but no difference in disease susceptibility between the control and treatment groups after challenge	(24)
Lactococcus garvieae bacterin	Rainbow trout	RPS of 50 achieved	(65)
L. garvieae bacterin	Rainbow trout	Achieved RPS of 53 after 30 days following challenge; after a boost at 61 days, RPS increased to 61 at 120 days	Altun et al. (66)
Flavobacterium columnare bacterium in alginate microparticles; compared oral and parenteral deliveries	Nile tilapia	No protection or significant antibody production in oral group	(67)
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 plasmid DNA in alginate microspheres; administered by intubation	Brown trout and rainbow trout	RPS of 84 (brown trout) and between 67 and 83 (rainbow trout) after 30 days	(68)
IPNV VP2 plasmid DNA in feed pellets	Rainbow trout	Induction of transcriptional responses; RPS of 78–85	(25, 69, 70)
Inactivated IPNV virus encapsulated in alginate beads; feed pellets	Atlantic salmon	Induced antibody response; no protection measured	(32)