Table 1.

Examples of known or suspected exposures causing bronchiolar disorders^a

Exposure	Illustrative setting	References
Acramin FWN	Textile printing	67–69
Ammonia	Chemical industry, refrigerant	93,109,122–124
Benzalkonium compounds	Floor polish spill	99
Bromine compounds	Flavoring research and development	17
Chlorine	Transportation spill, industrial accident	55,102,108
Chlorine-liberating disinfectant (powder)	Cleaning	55
Cooking oil fumes	Commercial cooking	125
Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione	Microwave popcorn, diacetyl manufacture, flavoring manufacture, coffee roasting	22–27,30,31
Dimethyl disulfide		55
Dusts/gases/fumes	World Trade Center collapse	51–53
Flock (fibers of nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, rayon)	Upholstery, greeting cards, fishing nets manufacture, artificial snow on movie set	36,37,40,43–45,126
Fly ash	Incineration of coal and oil	127
Food production dusts (possibly flavorings)	Animal feed manufacture	128
Humidifier disinfectant (polyhexamethylene guanidine)	Homes	72,74
Hydrochloric acid		55
Hydrogen sulfide	Crude oil, natural gas, manure pits, toilets	129–132
Methyl isocyanate	Bhopal pesticide manufacture leak	63,65,133,134
Mineral dusts (aluminum oxide, asbestos, coal, iron oxide, silica, others)	Coal mining, hard rock mining, photocopier toner	54–56,135
Oxides of nitrogen	Explosive detonation, silage decomposition, nitric acid use, nitrocellulose fires, welding gases	7–15,18,19,136,137
Phosgene	War gas, chemical manufacturing	138
Polymethylene polyphenol isocyanate	Plastics factory maintenance	93
Sauropus androgynus	Vegetable juice consumption for weight loss	139
Shoe dye	Shoe shining parlor	140
Smoke inhalation	Plastics factory fire, synthetic materials in house fire, Styrofoam combustion, photography processing fire (ammonia, nitrogen dioxide)	93,141–143
Sulfur dioxide	Paper mill bleaching, sulfur mine fire	16,144
Sulfur mustard	Chemical warfare	46–50,145,146
Thionyl chloride	Lithium battery manufacture	20

^aListed alphabetically by exposure.