Table 3.

Replication of Previous Findings

	Directly-Communication UV vs. Control			Self-generated UV vs. Control
	Perceived utility value	Performance	Interest	Perceived utility value	Performance	Interest
Low PC	−.13	−.18	−.20	−.15	.59	.10
High PC	.70	.24	.26	.23	.16	−.13

Note. Values are d’s, reflecting the size of the effect relative to control group, for each of three dependent measures, for individuals one standard deviation below and above the mean of Perceived Confidence (PC). Durik and colleagues (Durik & Harackiewicz, 2007, Durik et al., 2014) have found positive effects of directly-communicated utility value (UV) for confident (High PC) participants and negative effects for less confident (Low PC) participants whereas Hulleman and colleagues (Hulleman et al., 2010) have found positive effects of self-generated UV for less confident participants, and no effects for confident participants.