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. 2015 Oct 12;8:695–702. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S91924

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© 2015 Katz et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic illustration of the processes involved in the development of chronic postsurgical pain and pain disability showing relationships among preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk/protective factors. Copyright © 2009 Katz and Seltzer. Adapted with permission from Katz J, Seltzer Z. Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(5): 723–744.³

Abbreviations: QoL, quality of life; SNRIs, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NMDA, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid.