Fig. 5.

Behavioral changes of gregarious nymphs after RNAi. a–c Effects of RNAi of LmigOrco, LmigIR8a, and LmigIR25a genes (n = 4 or 6). Data conformed to a normal distribution as checked by the Shapiro–Wilk test, and statistical difference was evaluated by two-tailed Student’s t-test assuming unequal variance. d Dual-choice of gregarious nymphs in Y-tube olfactometer after injection of dsGFP, dsLmigOrco, or dsLmigIR8a/LmigIR25a (n = 57, 65, 56, respectively). Attraction index = (N _v − N _a)/N _v + N _a + N _nc; N _v, the number of “choose volatiles”; N _a, the number of “choose air”; N _nc, the number of “no choice”. Statistical difference was evaluated by Mann–Whitney U test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s., not significant. Data are mean ± SEM