TABLE 1 .
Clinical features of the entire autopsy cohorta
| Clinical feature | Value for CM type and HIV status (n): |
P value by ANOVA or chi-square testm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM1 |
CM2 |
CM3; HIV+ (n = 1), HIV− (n = 19) | Other or indeterminate cause of death; HIV+ (n = 4), HIV−/unknown (n = 26) | ||||
| HIV+ (n = 7) | HIV− (n = 5) | HIV+ (n = 7) | HIV− (n = 33) | ||||
| Age (mo) | 79 (41, 103) | 44 (26, 67.5) | 96 (37, 144) | 26 (18, 40.5) | 28 (18.75, 47.75) | 34.5 (19, 60.75) | 0.006 |
| Sex (% female) | 71.4 | 80 | 42.9 | 42.4 | 25 | 60 | NS |
| Admission coma scoreb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NS |
| Retinopathy (% positive)c | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 13.3 | 22.7 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)d | 15.5 (14.6, 16.4) | 13.6 (12.5, 15.7) | 15.1 (14, 15.4) | 14.4 (13.4, 15.3) | 15.2 (13.75, 17.8) | 14.5 (12.9, 16.3) | NS |
| Total WBC (103/µl)e | 14.5 (12.1, 17.1) | 11.2 (7.3, 15.7) | 13.2 (10.9, 19.3) | 12.4 (9.1, 21.5) | 13.4 (10.5, 23.95) | 16.1 (10.7, 23.1) | NS |
| Lymphocyte count (103/µl)f | 2.4 (1.5, 5.1) | 2.3 (2, 5.5) | 2.7 (1.5, 5.3) | 5.3 (2.2, 7.8) | 2.9 (2.5, 11.9) | 3.8 (2.4, 5.2) | NS |
| Monocyte count (103/µl)g | 0.7 (0.1, 1.7) | 1 (0.8, 2.5) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 1.7 (0.6, 2) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.8, 3.3) | NS |
| Parasitemia (103/µl)h | 98.3 (48.2, 324.8) | 49.2 (5.1, 717.6) | 56.4 (28.8, 308.7) | 45.3 (7.5, 433.3) | 13.6 (0.9, 147.6) | (0, 0.3) | NS (excluding last column) |
| Hematocrit (%)i | 22 (17, 35) | 29 (22.5, 32) | 21 (17, 26) | 20 (12.3, 22.7) | 31 (20.7, 36) | 24.8 (7.8, 30.3) | 0.02 |
| Platelet count (103/µl)j | 74.4 (36, 144) | 49.4 (31.5, 87.6) | 117.4 (42.7, 351.5) | 45.2 (26, 73) | 155.8 (123, 276) | 169.2 (70, 370) | <0.0001 (excluding last column) |
| Coma duration (h)k | 19 (10.3, 33) | 25 (13, 34) | 28 (24, 43) | 26 (14, 37) | 17 (8, 30) | 13.5 (8.3, 65.7) | NS |
| Duration of illness (h)l | 39.5 (24.7, 59) | 35 (30, 158.5) | 48 (36, 56) | 79 (55.5, 106) | 32 (19, 54) | 71 (29.5, 144) | 0.01 |
Clinical characteristics of children who underwent autopsy for clinically defined CM or coma of other cause. Continuous variables are shown as medians with 25th and 75th percentiles in parentheses, except for parasitemia and platelet counts, values for which are geometric means with 25th and 75th percentiles.
Admission coma score, n = 100 (n = 28 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Retinopathy, n = 78 (n = 6 for CM1 HIV+, n = 6 for CM2 HIV+, n = 4 for CM1 HIV−, n = 25 for CM2 HIV−, n = 15 for CM3, n = 22 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Body mass index, n = 100 (n = 32 for CM2 HIV−, n = 29 for other/indeterminate case of death).
Total white blood cells (WBC), n = 85 (n = 6 for CM2 HIV+, n = 29 for CM2 HIV−, n = 13 for CM3, n = 25 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Lymphocyte count, n = 48 (n = 5 for CM1 HIV+, n = 4 for CM1 HIV−, n = 4 for CM2 HIV+, n = 14 for CM2 HIV−, n = 10 for CM3, n = 11 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Monocyte count, n = 39 (n = 4 for CM1 HIV+ and CM2 HIV+, n = 3 for CM1 HIV−, n = 11 for CM2 HIV−, n = 8 for CM3, n = 7 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Parasitemia, n = 100 (n = 28 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Hematocrit, n = 101 (n = 19 for CM3).
Platelet count, n = 81 (n = 6 for CM2 HIV+, n = 25 for CM2 HIV−, n = 19 for CM3, n = 19 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Coma duration, n = 82 (n = 6 for CM1 HIV+, n = 5 for CM2 HIV+, n = 31 for CM2 HIV−, n = 17 for CM3, n = 18 for other/indeterminate cause of death).
Duration of illness, n = 98 (n = 6 for CM1 HIV+, n = 18 for CM3, n = 29 for other/indeterminate cause of death). Duration of illness was determined by combining the duration of fever with duration of coma. Note that when data from HIV+/HIV− patients are merged and CM1 is compared with CM2, CM2 has a significantly longer duration of illness.
Differences between groups were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (normal data) or Kruskal-Wallis test (nonnormal data) for continuous variables and by chi-square test for dichotomous variables. NS, not significant.