FIG 5 .
The DVG70-114 motif transfers strong immunostimulatory activity to inert RNA molecules. (A) Folding predictions for HCV X region, X region DVG70-114, and X region DVG5-51. Motif DVG70-114 is in a red balloon, and motif DVG5-51 is in a blue balloon. (B) Expression of IFNB1 and IFIT1 mRNA measured by RT-qPCR of LLC-MK2 cells transfected for 6 h with 4.15 pmol of gel-purified poly(U/UC), X region, X region DVG70-114, or X region DVG5-51 ivtDVGs. The data are the mean ± the standard error of the mean of all of the experiments (total n = 3 to 5/group). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ns, nonsignificant (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test). Data are expressed as the copy number relative to that of the housekeeping gene for GAPDH.