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. 2015 Oct 12;4:e32. doi: 10.1017/jns.2015.23

Table 5.

Plasma concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cortisol, leptin and total ghrelin in dogs* fed the experimental protein–fat–carbohydrate (PFC) and protein–fat (PF) diets, measured before and after exercise

(Least square means (LS-means) and 95 % confidence intervals)

Diet Exercise
PFC PF Before After P
LS-mean 95 % CI LS-mean 95 % CI LS-mean 95 % CI LS-mean 95 % CI Diet Exercise
Insulin (μU/ml) 9·1 6·8, 11·4 7·1 4·8, 9·4 10·1 7·8, 12·4 6·1 3·8, 8·4 NS <0·01
IGF-1 (ng/ml) 6·9 6·2, 7·6 9·5 8·8, 10·2 8·2 7·5, 8·9 8·2 7·5, 8·9 <0·001 NS
Cortisol (nmol/l) 139 113, 166 146 120, 173 116 90, 142 170 144, 196 NS <0·01
Leptin (ng/ml) 0·35 0·32, 0·39 0·48 0·44, 0·51 0·42 0·38, 0·44 0·41 0·39, 0·45 <0·001 NS
Total ghrelin (pg/ml) 1404 1033, 1776 1298 927, 1670 1225 853, 1596 1478 1107, 1850 NS 0·02
*

Number of observations per treatment: n 8.

Sled runs, 12 km/d with an approximate speed of 16–18 km/h.

To convert to pmol/l, multiply by 6·945.