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. 2015 Oct 20;5:233. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00233

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Copyright © 2015 Komar and Hatzoglou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IRES-mediated translation and cell fate. Cells respond to extracellular signals and changes in intracellular homeostasis by regulation of mRNA translation. Adaptive IRES-mediated translation is usually balanced with cap-dependent mRNA translation and is essential for cellular function. When adaptation starts failing, cap-dependent mRNA translation usually decreases and IRES-mediated translation prevails. This switch in translational control is the beginning of disease development leading to cellular dysfunction. Dysregulation of cap-dependent translation in cancer states may result in both up- and down-regulation of cap-dependent translation and imbalanced IRES-mediated expression.