Figure 5. Temporal evolution of E. coli K-12 MG1655 grown on MOPS minimal medium when optimizing concurrently towards 1,2-propanediol production and growth rate using the PGA.

(a) Evolving tradeoff towards the optimal production rates. (b) Hypervolume indicator over time. The hypervolume shows a plateau between two phases of increase. In the inset, the first derivative of the hypervolume correctly highlights the alternating periods of slow and fast evolution. The discrete time points have been interpolated with a cubic piecewise polynomial.