Table 1.

Data of surface tension of liquids were obtained from different sources

	${\gamma }_l$,	$\theta$,	$\overline{\gamma }={\gamma }_{sl}+2{\gamma }_l\cos \theta$(Eq. 2),	${\gamma }_{sl}$,	${\eta }_{sl}$,
Liquid	mN/m	deg	mN/m	mN/m	mJ/m2
Air				26.2 ± 2.3	22
Perfluorooctane	14.0	48	30.0 ± 4.4	11.4 ± 4.4	12.6 ± 0.1
Nitromethane	34.9	69	30.5 ± 2.8	5.8 ± 2.8	8.5 ± 1.1
DMSO	42.9	75	30.8 ± 2.7	8.5 ± 2.5	10.2 ± 0.7
20% ethanol–aqueous solution	38.0	96	9.5 ± 1.9	17.7 ± 2.2	26.0
Ethylene glycol	47.3	85	35.9 ± 3.4	28.5 ± 4.5	17.9 ± 1.5
Water	72.8	105	3.7 ± 1.8	41.1 ± 6.54	40.5 ± 1.9

The advancing contact angle $\theta$ of the liquid inside channel was measured as in Fig. 3A. $\overline{\gamma }$ was obtained from the fit curves as in Fig. 4 and ${\gamma }_{sl}$ was then calculated using the equation ${\gamma }_{sl}=\left(\overline{\gamma }-2{\gamma }_l\cos \theta \right)$. ${\eta }_{sl}$ was calculated using Young’s equation.