Table S1.

ASJP transcription conventions

ASJP code symbol	Description	IPA symbols
i	High front vowel, rounded and unrounded	i, i, y, Y
e	Mid-front vowel, rounded and unrounded	e, ø
E	Low front vowel, rounded and unrounded	æ, ε, œ, Œ
3	High and mid-central vowel, rounded and unrounded	ɨ, ɘ, ə, ɜ, ʉ, ɵ, ɞ
a	Low central vowel, unrounded	a, ɐ
u	High back vowel, rounded and unrounded	ɯ, u
o	Mid- and low back vowel, rounded and unrounded	ɣ, ʌ, ɑ, o, ɔ, ɒ
p	Voiceless bilabial stop and fricative	p, ɸ
b	Voiced bilabial stop and fricative	b, β
f	Voiceless labiodental fricative	f
v	Voiced labiodental fricative	v
m	Bilabial nasal	m
w	voiced bilabial-velar approximant	w
8	Voiceless and voiced dental fricative	θ, ð
4	Dental nasal	$\underset{\mathrm{\sqcap }}{{\displaystyle \text{n}}}$
t	Voiceless alveolar stop	t
d	Voiced alveolar stop	d
s	Voiceless alveolar fricative	s
z	Voiced alveolar fricative	z
c	Voiceless and voiced alveolar affricate	ts, X
n	Alveolar nasal	n
r	Voiced apicoalveolar flap and all other varieties of “r-sounds”	ɾ, r, R, ɽ
l	Voiced alveolar lateral approximant	l
S	Voiceless postalveolar fricative	ʃ
Z	Voiced postalveolar fricative	ʒ
C	Voiceless palatoalveolar affricate	ʧ
j	Voiced palatoalveolar affricate	X
T	Voiceless and voiced palatal stop	C, ɟ
5	Palatal nasal	ɲ
y	Palatal approximant	j
k	Voiceless velar stop	k
g	Voiced velar stop	g
x	Voiceless and voiced velar fricative	x, ɣ
N	Velar nasal	ŋ
q	Voiceless uvular stop	q
G	Voiced uvular stop	g
X	Voiceless and voiced uvular fricative, voiceless and voiced pharyngeal fricative	χ, ʁ, ħ, ʕ
h	Voiceless and voiced glottal fricative	h, ɦ
7	Voiceless glottal stop	ʔ
L	All other laterals	l, ɭ, λ
!	All varieties of “click-sounds”	!, |, ||, ǂ

ASJP transcription conventions. Reproduced from ref. 45.