Table 1.
Proteins found in human urinary exosomes that are specific to or enriched in given regions of the kidney.
| Kidney region | Gene symbol | Full gene name | Species | Exosome sample | Identified molecule | Associated diseases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glomerulus | PODXL | Podocalyxin-like Protein | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Diabetic nephropathy |
| NPHS2 | Podocin | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephrotic syndrome [MIM: 600995] | |
| LGALS1 | Galectin-1 | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | – | |
| HSPG2 | Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan 2 | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1 [MIM: 255800] | |
| 1st convoluted tubule | gp330 precursor | Glycoprotein 330 Precursor | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Renal aminoglycoside accumulation and nephrotoxicity, Donnai-Barrow syndrome |
| CUBN | Cubilin (Intrinsic Factor-Cobalamin Receptor) | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein, mRNA | Megaloblastic anemia 1 [MIM: 261100] | |
| AQP1 | Aquaporin1 | Homo sapiens | Urine | protein, mRNA | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Aquaporin 1 deficiency, Colton-Null [MIM: 110450] | |
| LRP2 | Megalin | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Heymann nephritis, proteinuria | |
| CA4 | Carbonic Anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Diabetic nephropathy, Proximal renal tubular acidosis [MIM: 114760] | |
| ANPEP | Alanyl Aminopeptidase | Homo sapiens | Urine | protein | Hypertension [MIM: 151530] | |
| NAPSA | NapsinA | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Kidney carcinoma, renal neoplasms | |
| CLCN 5 | Chloride Channel Protein 5 | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Dent's disease | |
| GGT1 | γ-glutamyltransferase | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | – | |
| APN | Aminopeptidase N | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | – | |
| Henle's loop | AQP1 | Aquaporin 1 | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Aquaporin 1 deficiency, Colton-Null [MIM: 110450] |
| UMOD | Uromodulin | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Hyperuricemic nephropathy, Medullary cystic kidney disease-2 (MCKD2) [MIM: 603860], familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) [MIM: 16200] | |
| THP | Tamm-Horsfall Protein | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | Mckd2 [mim: 603860], fjhn [mim: 16200] | |
| CD9 | Cluster of Differentiation (Tetraspanin) | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | – | |
| BDKRB1 | Bradykinin B1 Receptor | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | – | |
| CALCR | Calcitonin Receptor | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Kidney stone disease | |
| SCNN1D | Amiloride-sensitive Sodium Channel Subunit Delta | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | – | |
| 2nd convoluted tubule | SLC12A3 (NCC) | Thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl Cotransporter | Homo sapiens | Urine | Protein | Gitelman syndrome [MIM: 263800] |
| Collecting ducts | AQP2 | Aquaporin 2 | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type 1 [MIM: 222000] [MIM: 125800] |
| ATP6V1B1 | V-ATPase B1 Subunit | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Distal renal tubular acidosis [MIM: 267300] | |
| SLC12A1 | Kidney-specific Na-K-Cl Symporter | Homo sapiens | Urine | mRNA | Bartter-Syndrome type 1, 2, 3 [MIM: 601678, 241200, 607364] | |
| MUC1 | Mucin-1 | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | Renal cell carcinoma, Medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 (MCKD1) [MIM:174000] | |
| RHCG | Rh type C glycoprotein | Homo sapiens (male) | Urine | Protein | – |