Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author (reference) | Year | Country | Characteristics of cases | Control(n) | Case(n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akaba et al. [24] | 1998 | Japan | STB >17 mg/dl | 101 | 42 |
| Maruo et al. [18] | 1999 | Japan | STB >15 mg/dl | 50 | 25 |
| Yamamoto et al. [16] | 2002 | Japan | STB >15 mg/dl in the first 7 days | 49 | 23 |
| Huang et al. [14] | 2002 | Taiwan, China | STB ≥15 mg/dl within 1 week after birth | 218 | 123 |
| Seco et al. [41] | 2002 | Spain | STB >15 mg/dl | 115 | 21 |
| Ulgenalp et al. [4] | 2003 | Turkey | STB >12.9 mg/dl | 35 | 75 |
| Takeuchi et al. [33] | 2004 | Japan | STB level >17 mg/dl | 71 | 68 |
| Huang et al. [28] | 2004 | Taiwan, China | a peak STB ≥20.0 mg/dl in serum within 10 d of birth | 100 | 72 |
| Sutomo et al. [34] | 2004 | Malaysia | STB >15 mg/dl at day 3 | 36 | 32 |
| Kanai et al. [51] | 2005 | Japan | STB >15 mg/dl at day 4 and thereafter | 116 | 29 |
| Yusoff et al. [48] | 2005 | Malaysia | STB >15 mg/dl | 50 | 55 |
| Ferraris et al. [15] | 2006 | Italy | STB >17 mg/dl | 83 | 53 |
| Babaoglu et al. [21] | 2006 | Tukey | STB >17 mg/dl | 32 | 74 |
| Muslu et al. [36] | 2006 | Turkey | STB >15mg/dl, <7d | 55 | 107 |
| Farheen et al. [26] | 2006 | India | UCB ≥1.2 mg/dl | 95 | 95 |
| Wong et al. [9] | 2007 | Malaysia | STB >15 mg/dl at age 1–2 days or >17 mg/dl at age 3 days and onward | 125 | 74 |
| Watchko et al. [6] | 2009 | America | STB >95% high-risk zone | 299 | 153 |
| Chang et al. [27] | 2009 | Taiwan, China | STB >5.9 mg/dl beyond 28 days of age | 90 | 35 |
| Prachukthum et al. [39] | 2009 | Thailand | STB >95% as defined by the Bhutani nomogram | 86 | 91 |
| Agrawal et al. [7] | 2009 | India | STB >18 mg/dl | 50 | 69 |
| Ergin et al. [19] | 2010 | Turkey | STB ≥17 mg/dl | 54 | 50 |
| Kilic et al. [40] | 2010 | Turkey | STB >12.9 mg/dl, or TSB >8.8 mg/dl at day 14 | 23 | 47 |
| Narter et al. [38] | 2011 | Turkey | STB >15 mg/dl in the first 10 days | 70 | 39 |
| Chou et al. [11] | 2011 | Taiwan, China | STB >15 mg/dl | 508 | 180 |
| Long et al. [1] | 2011 | China | STB >95% as defined by the Bhutani nomogram | 105 | 112 |
| Sato et al. [31] | 2012 | Japan | Full-term and breast-fed neonates, STB >10 mg/dl at day 1, >16 mg/dl at day 3, and >20 mg/dl at day 6 | 345 | 56 |
| Silva et al. [35] | 2012 | India | STB >15 mg/dl in the first 5 days | 180 | 126 |
| Tiwari et al. [50] | 2013 | India | STB >95% as defined by the Bhutani nomogram | 100 | 100 |
| Wong et al. [9] | 2013 | Malaysia | STB >15 mg/dl | 263 | 52 |
| Travan et al. [32] | 2014 | Italy | STB >20 mg/dl | 70 | 70 |
| Tiwari et al. [30] | 2014 | India | STB >95% high-risk zone, newborns of ≤2 weeks’ of age | 218 | 113 |
| Silva et al. [29] | 2014 | India | STB ≥15 mg/dl, ≥35 weeks | 171 | 124 |
STB – serum total bilirubin; UCB – serum unconjugated bilirubin.