Fig. 3.

Effect of chemotaxis on males of A) Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis (Bok) by the chemical cue of young hermaphrodites (YH) and old hermaphrodites (OH) of Bok or unmated female (UF) and mated female (MF) of B. xylophilus (Bxy) as compared to the water control; B) Bxy by the chemical cue of YH and OH of Bok or UF and MF of Bxy as compared to the water control. Chemotaxis index (CI) = ([number of nematodes at the test cue zone] − [number of nematodes at the control zone])/([number of nematodes at the test cue zone] + [number of nematodes at the control zone]). Sperm status of hermaphrodites or females are shown as (+) or (−). Sperm (+) indicates hermaphrodite having self-produced sperm or female having sperm supplied by male, while sperm (−) indicates hermaphrodite or female have no sperm at the preparation of the WCM. Error bars indicate standard error. **Indicates significant difference (P < 0.01) in CI between the tested chemical cue and water control based on Dunnett’s test.