The number of hermaphrodites of B. okinawaensis or females of B. xylophilus attracted to a conspecific single male. The assay was carried out with a single male and 14 hermaphrodites or females on a plate. At four different time points (20 min, 40 min, 60 min, and 120 min), the number of hermaphrodites or females having a physical contact to a single male was counted. Each symbol represents the actual number of hermaphrodites or females attracted to a single male in each plate. The figures in the parentheses indicate percentages. Horizontal bars indicate the average number of five independent measurements. Significant difference between nematode combinations at each of the four time points was analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.01). Identical letters at the top indicate no significant difference. YH, young hermaphrodite; OH, old hermaphrodite; UF, unmated female; MF, mated female.