Table 1.
Bivariate and multivariate associations between the predictors and the cumulative proportion of pediatric cases by 12 month of age.a
| Predictors | Bivariate association | Multivariate association | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter estimate (se) | p-value | Parameter estimate (se) | p-value | |||
| WHO mortality strata | ||||||
| HMD | 0.27 | (0.13) | 0.04 | – | – | |
| LMD | 0.19 | (0.10) | 0.06 | – | – | |
| Developed | Ref | – | – | |||
| Settings | ||||||
| Outpatient | −0.14 | (0.11) | 0.21 | −0.05 | (0.10) | 0.6 |
| Community | −0.25 | (0.11) | 0.02 | −0.16 | (0.10) | 0.1 |
| Otherb | 0.14 | (0.09) | 0.13 | 0.13 | (0.09) | 0.1 |
| Inpatient | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Per capita GDP (per 10,000 USD) | −0.06 | (0.02) | 0.007 | −0.04 | (0.02) | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: se, standard error; HMD, high-mortality developing countries; LMD, low-mortality developing countries; Ref, reference group; GDP, gross domestic product; USD, United States Dollars.
a
Note that a negative coefficient denotes a lower proportion of cases less than 12 month of age in a given category compared to the reference group.
b
The “other” settings category included studies in which setting was not described or in which a mixture of settings was included but stratified data were not reported.