Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics* by Categories of Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin at Baseline in Persons without Diagnosed Diabetes (≤70th, 71–95th, >96th percentiles) and in Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes (≤38th, >38th percentiles), N=11,104
| No Diagnosed Diabetes | Diagnosed Diabetes | p-value for trend |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fructosamine | Total [89–706 umol/L] |
≤ 70th percentile [89–236.5 umol/L] |
71th – 96th percentile [236.6–266.7 umol/L] |
> 96th percentile [266.9–593.7 umol/L] |
≤ 38th percentile [158.5–270 umol/L] |
> 38th percentile [270.6–706 umol/L] |
|
| Fructosamine, umol/L | 236 (43.2) | 218 (12.9) | 247 (7.8) | 299 (54.7) | 238 (21.3) | 380 (90.3) | <0.001 |
| Glycated albumin, % | 13.4 (3.4) | 12.3 (1) | 13.6 (1.1) | 17.1 (5.1) | 13.7 (1.8) | 24.9 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.5) | 6.7 (1.8) | 6.2 (0.8) | 9.2 (2) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 110 (34.8) | 102 (10.7) | 106 (14.7) | 144 (58.6) | 126 (29.8) | 229 (75) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 56.6 (5.7) | 56.2 (5.6) | 57.3 (5.7) | 57.6 (5.8) | 57.7 (5.7) | 58 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 58.6 | 58.6 | 57.7 | 61.7 | 60.5 | 60.3 | 0.338 |
| Black, % | 23.4 | 17.4 | 30.5 | 49.9 | 30.2 | 48.6 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.9 (5.4) | 28 (5.4) | 26.7 (4.8) | 28.3 (6.1) | 30.8 (6.5) | 31 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Obese, % | 28.5 | 28.4 | 20.9 | 36.3 | 47.1 | 54.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 33.3 | 29.3 | 34.3 | 53.8 | 50.0 | 59.5 | <0.001 |
| Parental history of diabetes, % | 24.1 | 22.0 | 23.5 | 32.2 | 38.8 | 42.7 | <0.001 |
| No Diagnosed Diabetes | Diagnosed Diabetes | ||||||
| Glycated Albumin | Total [7.67- 51.53%] |
≤ 70th percentile [7.67–13.3%] |
71th – 96th percentile [13.31– 15.43%] |
> 96th percentile [15.46– 42.37%] |
≤ 38th percentile [7.91– 16.12%] |
> 38th percentile [16.13–51.53%] |
|
| Fructosamine, umol/L | 236 (43.2) | 221 (16.5) | 241 (16.6) | 287 (61.2) | 240 (25.1) | 379 (91.9) | <0.001 |
| Glycated albumin, % | 13.4 (3.4) | 12.1 (0.8) | 14.1 (0.5) | 18.1 (4.6) | 13.5 (1.5) | 24.9 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.5) | 6.9 (1.7) | 6.1 (0.8) | 9.3 (2) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 110 (34.8) | 102 (10.5) | 105 (14.4) | 147 (57.9) | 125 (28) | 229 (74.5) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 56.6 (5.7) | 56.2 (5.6) | 57.2 (5.8) | 58 (6) | 57.6 (5.7) | 58.1 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 58.6 | 56.0 | 64.8 | 61.9 | 59.9 | 60.7 | <0.001 |
| Black, % | 23.4 | 15.7 | 35.0 | 51.6 | 29.4 | 49.0 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.9 (5.4) | 28 (5.2) | 26.7 (5.2) | 29.2 (6.3) | 30.6 (6.4) | 31.2 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Obese, % | 28.5 | 28.0 | 21.4 | 40.1 | 45.0 | 55.6 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 33.3 | 30.7 | 31.7 | 46.8 | 50.3 | 59.2 | <0.001 |
| Parental history of diabetes, % | 24.1 | 21.8 | 24.7 | 29.8 | 37.0 | 43.8 | <0.001 |
*
Estimates are mean (standard deviation) or %. * Fructosamine and glycated albumin were divided into categories defined by the ≤70th, 71–96th, >96th percentiles in persons without diagnosed diabetes and by the ≤38th, >38th percentiles with diagnosed diabetes. These percentiles correspond to HbA1c categories of <5.7%, 5.7–6.4%, and >6.4% in persons without diagnosed diabetes, and HbA1c categories of <7%, ≥7% in persons with diagnosed diabetes