Table 3.
Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% confidence intervals) of Baseline Categories* of Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin with Incident Coronary Heart Disease, Ischemic Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death
| Coronary Heart Disease (1096 events) |
Ischemic Stroke (605 events) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fructosamine HR (95% CI) |
Glycated Albumin HR (95% CI) |
HbA1c HR (95% CI) |
Fructosamine HR (95% CI) |
Glycated Albumin HR (95% CI) |
HbA1c HR (95% CI) |
||
| No Diagnosed Diabetes | |||||||
| ≤ 70th percentile | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.28) | 0.64 (0.55, 0.75) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.31) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) | |
| 71th–96th | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| > 96th percentile | 1.33 (0.98, 1.81) | 1.61 (1.21, 2.15) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.53) | 1.93 (1.37, 2.71) | 1.46 (1.02, 2.07) | 1.79 (1.31, 2.45) | |
| Diagnosed Diabetes | |||||||
| ≤ 38th percentile | 1.89 (1.37, 2.60) | 2.08 (1.52, 2.83) | 1.47 (1.10, 1.96) | 1.37 (0.86, 2.19) | 1.22 (0.77, 1.93) | 1.18 (0.76, 1.83) | |
| > 38th percentile | 3.41 (2.72, 4.28) | 3.29 (2.60, 4.16) | 2.63 (2.13, 3.26) | 2.97 (2.20, 4.01) | 2.51 (1.87, 3.38) | 2.60 (1.96, 3.45) | |
| p-value-for-trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Heart Failure (1432 events) |
Death (2860 events) |
||||||
| Fructosamine HR (95% CI) |
Glycated Albumin HR (95% CI) |
HbA1c HR (95% CI) |
Fructosamine HR (95% CI) |
Glycated Albumin HR (95% CI) |
HbA1c HR (95% CI) |
||
| No Diagnosed Diabetes | |||||||
| ≤ 70th percentile | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) | |
| 71th–96th | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| > 96th percentile | 1.32 (1.02, 1.71) | 1.38 (1.08, 1.78) | 1.24 (0.98, 1.56) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.57) | 1.53 (1.28, 1.83) | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) | |
| Diagnosed Diabetes | |||||||
| ≤ 38th percentile | 1.64 (1.25, 2.15) | 1.58 (1.21, 2.07) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.65) | 1.69 (1.39, 2.05) | 1.80 (1.48, 2.19) | 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) | |
| > 38th percentile | 3.15 (2.60, 3.83) | 3.00 (2.47, 3.65) | 2.96 (2.47, 3.54) | 2.10 (1.80, 2.45) | 2.33 (1.99, 2.73) | 2.05 (1.77, 2.38) | |
| p-value-for-trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Fructosamine and glycated albumin were divided into categories defined by the ≤70th, 71–96th, >96th percentiles in persons without diagnosed diabetes and by the ≤38th, >38th percentiles with diagnosed diabetes. These percentiles correspond to HbA1c categories of <5.7%, 5.7–6.4%, and >6.4% in persons without diagnosed diabetes, and HbA1c categories of <7%, ≥7% in persons with diagnosed diabetes.
Models adjusted for age (years), race-center, sex (male, female), body mass index (kg/m2), (body mass index)2, LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (mmHg), blood pressure-lowering medication use (yes, no), parental history of diabetes (yes, no), education (less than high school, high school or equivalent, more than high school), drinking status (current, former, never), smoking status (current, former, never), physical activity index
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, odds ratio.
P-values-for-trends across all the categories were calculated by modeling the category medians as a continuous variable in the model.