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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2015 May 28;132(4):269–277. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015415

Table 4.

C-statistics and Relative Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) Statistics for the Addition of HbA1c, Fructosamine, or Glycated Albumin to Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards Models of Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Ischemic Stroke, Heart Failure, or Death

C-statistic
 IDI
C-statistic Difference in c-
statistic from
reference model		 p-value for
difference		 Relative IDI p-value
Coronary Heart Disease
   Model 1 0.6902 (reference) - - -
   Model 1 + HbA1c 0.7316 0.0414 < 0.0001 0.2151 < 0.0001
   Model 1 + Fructosamine 0.7088 0.0186 < 0.0001 0.0747 0.0002
   Model 1 + Glycated albumin 0.7081 0.0178 < 0.0001 0.0874 0.0003
   Model 2 0.7717 (reference) -
   Model 2 + HbA1c 0.7854 0.0137 < 0.0001 0.0685 0.0002
   Model 2 + Fructosamine 0.7792 0.0075 0.0003 0.0372 0.0165
   Model 2 + Glycated albumin 0.7789 0.0073 0.0009 0.0410 0.0156
Ischemic Stroke
   Model 1 0.6868 (reference) - - -
   Model 1 + HbA1c 0.7289 0.0421 < 0.0001 0.5737 < 0.0001
   Model 1 + Fructosamine 0.7097 0.0229 < 0.0001 0.2953 < 0.0001
   Model 1 + Glycated albumin 0.7095 0.0227 < 0.0001 0.3307 < 0.0001
   Model 2 0.7419 (reference) - - -
   Model 2 + HbA1c 0.7641 0.0222 < 0.0001 0.2553 < 0.0001
   Model 2 + Fructosamine 0.7558 0.0139 < 0.0001 0.1468 0.0002
   Model 2 + Glycated albumin 0.7570 0.0151 < 0.0001 0.1676 < 0.0001
Heart Failure
   Model 1 0.7012 (reference) - - -
   Model 1 + HbA1c 0.7240 0.0228 < 0.0001 0.1711 < 0.0001
   Model 1 + Fructosamine 0.7176 0.0164 < 0.0001 0.0840 0.0001
   Model 1 + Glycated albumin 0.7200 0.0188 < 0.0001 0.1093 < 0.0001
   Model 2 0.7548 (reference) - - -
   Model 2 + HbA1c 0.7673 0.0125 < 0.0001 0.0643 0.0004
   Model 2 + Fructosamine 0.7654 0.0106 < 0.0001 0.0404 0.0043
   Model 2 + Glycated albumin 0.7666 0.0118 < 0.0001 0.0501 0.0002
Death
   Model 1 0.6854 (reference) - - -
   Model 1 + HbA1c 0.7005 0.0151 < 0.0001 0.0820 < 0.0001
   Model 1 + Fructosamine 0.6939 0.0085 < 0.0001 0.0268 0.0004
   Model 1 + Glycated albumin 0.6963 0.0108 < 0.0001 0.0467 < 0.0001
   Model 2 0.7306 (reference) - - -
   Model 2 + HbA1c 0.7377 0.0070 < 0.0001 0.0343 0.0001
   Model 2 + Fructosamine 0.7348 0.0041 < 0.0001 0.0161 0.0064
   Model 2 + Glycated albumin 0.7358 0.0052 < 0.0001 0.0193 0.0007

Model 1: age (years), race-center, sex (male, female), body mass index (kg/m2), (body mass index)2

Model 2: Model 1 + LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (mmHg), blood pressure-lowering medication use (yes, no), parental history of diabetes (yes, no), education (less than high school, high school or equivalent, more than high school), drinking status (current, former, never), smoking status (current, former, never), physical activity index

Each marker is modeled using cubic splines with 4 knots (at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles)