Table 1.
Pathways potentially altered by IDH1/2 mutations in glioma
| Tissue studied | Alteration | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Methylation | IDH1 mutant gliomas | Hypermethylated pathways | Hypomethylated pathways |
| Methane metabolism | Protein kinase A signaling | ||
| Pregnane X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation | Angiopoietin signaling | ||
| Retinol metabolism | Ras-related nuclear protein signaling | ||
| Phenylalanine metabolism | Retinol transport | ||
| Starch and sucrose metabolism | Cell cycle regulation | ||
| Pentose and glucuronate interconversion | Methylated-DNA-protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT) | ||
| Androgen and estrogen metabolism | Fatty acid binding | ||
| Transcription | G-CIMP-positive gliomas | Increased | Decreased |
| Transcriptional regulation | Polysaccharide binding | ||
| Nucleic acid synthesis | Heparin binding | ||
| Metabolic processes | Glucosaminoglycan binding | ||
| Cadherin based cell adhesion | Collagen | ||
| Zinc finger transcription factors | Thrombospondin | ||
| Cell morphogenesis | |||
| Retinoic acid signaling | |||
| Fatty acid binding | |||
| Metabolism | IDH1/2 mutant cells or cells treated with d-2-HG | Increased | Decreased |
| d-2-HG | NAAG | ||
| Glycerol-3-phosphate | NAA | ||
| Glycerol-2-phosphate | 2-Methyl butyryl carnitine | ||
| Glycine | Isobutyl carnitine | ||
| Asparagine | α-Aminoadipate | ||
| Glutamine | Phosphocholine | ||
| Serine | Propionylcarnitine | ||
| Threonine | Malate | ||
| Phenylalanine | Fumarate | ||
| Tyrosine | Citrate | ||
| Tryptophan | |||
| Methionine | |||