Figure 4.

Intervention PTP1B O-GlcNAcylation can recover insulin sensitivity and improve lipid metabolism. Cells were first transfected with wild-type and different site-directed mutations and treated with 0.2 mM palmitate, then incubated for 20 min with 100 nM insulin. (A) The protein levels and phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β were measured by western blot analysis; (B) 50 μL of medium was sampled for measurement of glucose concentration using a Glucose Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit. The primary medium was used as the control; (C) Lipid deposition was determined by Oil red O staining. Scale bars 50 μm. Data show mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * and ^# mean p < 0.05, significantly different from respective controls.